登陆注册
4132500000046

第46章 CHAP. XV.(2)

So that the end and measure of this power, when in every man's hands in the state of nature, being the preservation of all of his society, that is, all mankind in general, it can have no other end or measure, when in the hands of the magistrate, but to preserve the members of that society in their lives, liberties, and possessions; and so cannot be an absolute, arbitrary power over their lives and fortunes, which are as much as possible to be preserved; but a power to make laws, and annex such penalties to them, as may tend to the preservation of the whole, by cutting off those parts, and those only, which are so corrupt, that they threaten the sound and healthy, without which no severity is lawful. And this power has its original only from compact and agreement, and the mutual consent of those who make up the community.

Sec. 172. Thirdly, Despotical power is an absolute, arbitrary power one man has over another, to take away his life, whenever he pleases. This is a power, which neither nature gives, for it has made no such distinction between one man and another; nor compact can convey: for man not having such an arbitrary power over his own life, cannot give another man such a power over it; but it is the effect only of forfeiture, which the aggressor makes of his own life, when he puts himself into the state of war with another: for having quitted reason, which God hath given to be the rule betwixt man and man, and the common bond whereby human kind is united into one fellowship and society; and having renounced the way of peace which that teaches, and made use of the force of war, to compass his unjust ends upon another, where he has no right; and so revolting from his own kind to that of beasts, by making force, which is their's, to be his rule of right, he renders himself liable to be destroyed by the injured person, and the rest of mankind, that will join with him in the execution of justice, as any other wild beast, or noxious brute, with whom mankind can have neither society nor security*. And thus captives, taken in a just and lawful war, and such only, are subject to a despotical power, which, as it arises not from compact, so neither is it capable of any, but is the state of war continued: for what compact can be made with a man that is not master of his own life? what condition can he perform? and if he be once allowed to be master of his own life, the despotical, arbitrary power of his master ceases. He that is master of himself, and his own life, has a right too to the means of preserving it; so that as soon as compact enters, slavery ceases, and he so far quits his absolute power, and puts an end to the state of war, who enters into conditions with his captive.

(*Another copy corrected by Mr. Locke, has it thus, Noxious brute that is destructive to their being.)Sec. 173. Nature gives the first of these, viz. paternal power to parents for the benefit of their children during their minority, to supply their want of ability, and understanding how to manage their property. (By property I must be understood here, as in other places, to mean that property which men have in their persons as well as goods.) Voluntary agreement gives the second, viz. political power to governors for the benefit of their subjects, to secure them in the possession and use of their properties. And forfeiture gives the third despotical power to lords for their own benefit, over those who are stripped of all property.

Sec. 174. He, that shall consider the distinct rise and extent, and the different ends of these several powers, will plainly see, that paternal power comes as far short of that of the magistrate, as despotical exceeds it; and that absolute dominion, however placed, is so far from being one kind of civil society, that it is as inconsistent with it, as slavery is with property. Paternal power is only where minority makes the child incapable to manage his property; political, where men have property in their own disposal; and despotical, over such as have no property at all.

同类推荐
  • 卢照邻诗集

    卢照邻诗集

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 缁门崇行录

    缁门崇行录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • Sintram and His Companions

    Sintram and His Companions

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 佛说四愿经

    佛说四愿经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 容斋三笔

    容斋三笔

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 明心宝鉴

    明心宝鉴

    《明心宝鉴》大约成书于元末明初,辑录者为范立本。《明心宝鉴》是一部汇集了儒释道思想精华,荟萃了明代之前中国圣贤有关修身养性、安身立命、言行交友等方方面面处世哲学的人生教科书。全书分为继善、天理、顺命、孝行、正己、安分、存心、戒性、劝学、训子、省心、立教、治政、治家、安义、遵礼、存信、言语、交友、妇行共二十篇,六百余段短小精悍的名言警句。在明代,本书是比《菜根谭》更流行的劝善书、启蒙书,曾多次重刊、重印,万历皇帝还命人重辑修订一遍,是当时最流行的通俗读物之一。
  • 惑君

    惑君

    初来乍到,人生地不熟,人为刀俎我为鱼肉,受尽欺凌,既然退无可退,那么,从今往后,我做刀俎,鱼肉他人!==============================***推荐元晞大作《乐为仙》,十分精彩,有你好看!***
  • 创业时,他们在读什么

    创业时,他们在读什么

    创业不该是关起门来的单打独斗,而应该是一种乐于交流、不断吸收、随时感知外部世界的生活方式。在硅谷,这个全球初创公司和创新技术的第一孵化地,精英创业者们又在读什么、想什么、并且感知到了什么呢?本书通过分享硅谷创业精英们的所读所想和实战经验,为创业路上的人们打开了一扇窗。这21本由硅谷新贵们甄选出的创业路上的必读经典,从不同的行业视角带来关于创业的全方位解读:艰难时刻创业者需要具备怎样的素质和心态?在硅谷,哪些商业新趋势正悄然兴起?如何激发团队创造力?怎么迅速成为行业垄断者?创业是一条孤独且艰辛的不归路,你准备好连接世界了吗?
  • 地理百科(中国儿童课外必读)

    地理百科(中国儿童课外必读)

    地理学是研究人与地理环境的关系的学科,与人类的生存密切相关。本书系统阐述了地球地表形态的特点及其变化、陆地和海洋、水及水循环、天气和气候的形成、地球资源和世界人口概况。在这个生动的地理王国里,读者将近距离认识地球,不仅从自然科学,而且从社会科学角度深入理解地理的完整含义,从而有效地协调自然与人类的关系。
  • 邪玉玲珑

    邪玉玲珑

    芸芸众生之下,强者为尊,前世如何?如今又如何?跳脱五行之外,至阴阳于掌中,谁又能将前世今生握于五指之上呢?
  • 六妙法门

    六妙法门

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • The Ethics

    The Ethics

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 海贼之风暴主宰

    海贼之风暴主宰

    林羽意外穿越到海贼世界,成为阿拉巴斯坦的王子,薇薇的哥哥。阿拉巴斯坦沙鳄鱼的老巢,一道剑光从天而降,直接把整个大本营分成了两半。“哟,沙鳄鱼,听说你要对阿拉巴斯坦做点什么,来来来我们好好谈一下。”废墟前林羽拦下了正要逃跑的克洛克达尔。
  • 剑道之史诗之路

    剑道之史诗之路

    一代欧皇,一步步收集史诗走向金光闪闪的道路!(新书《我穿越到自己的作品里了》,求大家支持支持,一定不负众望。)
  • 最强世子妃

    最强世子妃

    莫名穿越,拥有了奇异的系统,完成奇怪的任务,就可以获得系统奖励,面对各种奇异的任务,事情脱离了掌控……与各种帅哥美女斗。最后走上了最强世子妃之路。【情节虚构,请勿模仿】