登陆注册
4699400000307

第307章

A royal proclamation was issued (1661) ordering all Jesuits and priests to depart from the kingdom immediately; the laity were commanded to attend the Protestant service under threat of severe penalties, students in foreign colleges were ordered to return at once, and Catholic schoolmasters were forbidden to teach within the kingdom. Backed by all the powers of the crown, Knox and his fellow bishops set up a terrible inquisition in every part of the country, and spared no pains to hound down the clergy and those who entertained them, to drive the poorer classes by brute force into the church, to harass the better classes by threats and examinations, and to wipe out every vestige of the Catholic religion. Cornelius O'Devany, a Franciscan, who had been appointed Bishop of Down and Connor (1582), was arrested together with a priest who accompanied him, was tried in Dublin, and was hanged, drawn, and quartered (1612).[24] Almost at the same time the Protestant Bishop of Down and Connor was accused of "incontinence, the turning away of his wife, and taking the wife of his man-servant in her room, subornation of witnesses," and alienation of the diocesan property. He fled from his diocese, was arrested, degraded, and died in prison. The Archbishop of Glasgow and Bishop Knox of Raphoe, himself a Scotchman, hastened to London to secure the appointment of one of their countrymen as his successor; but Chichester wrote that though he would not say that Scotchmen were not good men, he could aver that they were "hot-spirited and very griping"and "such as were not fit for these parts."[25] Several attempts were made to arrest Dr. Eugene Matthews or MacMahon, who had been transferred (1611) by the Pope from Clogher to the Archbishopric of Dublin. He was detested especially by the government, because it was thought that he owed his promotion to the influence of O'Neill, who was also suspected of having had a voice in the appointment of the learned Franciscan, Florence Conry to Tuam (1609).[26] During the course of these years jurors were threatened by the crown lawyers with the Star Chamber unless they found a verdict of guilty, and were sent to prison for not returning a proper verdict against those accused by the Protestant ministers of not attending church; wards of court though Catholic were committed to the guardianship of Protestants, and in every grant a special clause was inserted "that the ward shall be brought up at the college near Dublin (Trinity College) in English habit and religion;" the Irish were excluded from all offices; men of no property were appointed as sheriffs; and the fines for non-attendance at church were levied strictly. Instead of being applied to the relief of the poor they found their way, according to the Catholic Lords of the Pale, into the pockets of the ministers. In reply to this last charge Chichester asserted that they were not given to the poor, because all the poor were recusants, but they were employed "in the rebuilding of churches, bridges, and like charitable purposes."[27]

Yet Knox did not succeed in uprooting the Catholic faith in Ireland.

According to a report furnished (1613) to the Holy See by Mgr.

Bentivoglio, Internuncio at Brussels, whose duty it was to superintend affairs in Ireland, heresy had made little progress even in the cities, while the nobility and gentry were nearly all Catholic. There were then in Ireland about eight hundred secular priests, one hundred and thirty Franciscans, twenty Jesuits, and a few Benedictines and Dominicans, of whom the Franciscans were held in special esteem. The best of the secular clergy were those who came from Douay, Bordeaux, Lisbon, and Salamanca.[28] In the following year (1614) Archbishop Matthews of Dublin held a provincial synod at Kilkenny at which many useful regulations were made regarding the conduct of the clergy, preaching, catechising, the celebration of Mass, the administration of the sacraments, the relations between the secular and regular clergy, the reading of controversial literature, and the observance and number of fast-days and holidays.[29] In the province of Armagh Dr. Rothe, acting under authority received from Peter Lombard, convoked a provincial synod at Drogheda (1614). It was attended by vicars from the several dioceses and by representatives of the various religious orders, and passed regulations somewhat similar to those enacted at Kilkenny. In both synods the clergy were warned to abstain from the discussion of state affairs and from disobedience to the civil rulers in temporal matters. At Drogheda the new Oath of Allegiance framed by James I. was condemned as being opposed to faith and religion;Catholics were commanded not to have recourse to prevarication or wavering in regard to it, but to reject it openly, and were warned against attendance at divine worship in Protestant churches even though they had previously made a declaration that they meant only to pay a mark of respect to the civil rulers.[30] At the same period the Franciscans and Dominicans founded new colleges on the Continent, at Douay and Lisbon, to supply priests for their missions in Ireland.

During the later years of Elizabeth's reign the disturbed condition of the country made it impossible to convene a Parliament, and after the accession of James I. his advisers feared to summon such a body lest they might be unable to control it. Still, they never lost sight of the advantage it would be to their cause could they secure parliamentary sanction for the confiscation and plantation of Ulster, and for the new methods employed for the punishment of recusants.

同类推荐
  • 论语点睛补注

    论语点睛补注

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 初仕录

    初仕录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 摩利支菩萨略念诵法

    摩利支菩萨略念诵法

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 饮水词

    饮水词

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 杂阿含经五十卷

    杂阿含经五十卷

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 阮玲玉传:你是无声的离歌

    阮玲玉传:你是无声的离歌

    二十世纪二三十年代的旧上海,因为美女明星云集而显得分外香艳。阮玲玉,这个中国电影百年中最美丽的女人之一,永远身着旗袍的美丽身影,至今依然震撼着人们。1935年3月7日夜,阮玲玉在上海寓所服下三瓶安眠药,从此与喧闹嘈杂的尘世告别。她自杀的消息传开,整个上海为之惋惜。25岁的青春韶华,如昙花凄美一现,匆匆凋谢。在她弃世后,上海万人空巷为其送行,鲁迅、聂绀弩等人纷纷撰文纪念。从处女作《挂名的夫妻》开始,9年共拍了29部电影,饰演过不同角色,只是这些人物都逃不过一个悲惨的结局——自杀、发疯、入狱、冰丝接头。
  • 安德鲁·兰十二色童话系列:褐色童话书

    安德鲁·兰十二色童话系列:褐色童话书

    《褐色童话书》是一本30篇童话组成的小集子,由著名学者、童话创作人安德鲁·兰编著。收录了著名童话《胆小鬼吉拉尔德受到了惩罚》《亚拉的故事》《王子和三劫难》《狮子和猫》……那些美丽动人的想像伴随多少人走过他们的童年?那些扬善避恶、催人进取的情节是多少人认识世界的第一步?在这个集子中安德鲁·兰先生将为我们展现他的彩色神奇世界。
  • 凯斯宾王子(纳尼亚传奇:中英双语)

    凯斯宾王子(纳尼亚传奇:中英双语)

    《凯斯宾王子》发生在彼得等四兄妹回到自己的世界一年后。他们四人在假期回校时坐在火车站的长椅上等车,忽然感到有股特殊的力量将他们拉进纳尼亚。他们得知,自从他们离开纳尼亚后已经过去了1300年。纳尼亚原国王的弟弟弥若兹篡夺了王位,杀害兄长。在他的残暴统治下,所有会说话的动物和精灵们都隐藏起来了。然而老国王的儿子凯斯宾王子渴望解放纳尼亚,他逃离王宫,在森林里找到了纳尼亚的老居民,并得到他们的支持。正邪双方展开激战。王子在寡不敌众的时候吹响了苏珊的魔法号角,将彼得四兄妹唤回这个世界帮助他们。他们领导纳尼亚的动物和精灵们战胜了邪恶的国王,凯斯宾王子继承了王位,纳尼亚又恢复了以往的生机勃勃。
  • 做人做事要专注

    做人做事要专注

    人在追求成功的过程中,很大程度上都是心态决定行动的。试想一下,一个人想要成功,对他所追求的东西都没有奉献出他全部的精力和心血的话,他能成功吗?仔细看一个个成功者,他们都至少比别人提前几年甚至几十年的时间去学习、研究和积累经验。付出了巨大的艰辛和努力,才会有让人瞩目的成就。
  • 快穿之黑化boss幸福指南

    快穿之黑化boss幸福指南

    【1V1】【甜宠】【高洁双c】辛也死后被绑定了系统001,要求进入各个小世界拯救黑化boss。001:你需要帮助任务目标达成“幸福人生”结局。辛也:帮谁???001:任务目标。辛也:神他妈善念值为零的任务目标!!!随着经历的世界慢慢增多,她似乎发现,遇到的任务对象好像都是同一个人,而她的身份,也并没有那么简单。辛也:001,我忘记了什么?001:……不知道。辛也:好,那你滚吧。001:……总之,这是一个有情人终成眷属换着世界谈恋爱的甜蜜故事。
  • 碧里杂存

    碧里杂存

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 改嫁皇后

    改嫁皇后

    本文半价。本文不止言情,政治、阴谋一大堆,慎入!陌离的文,不是纯言情,《倾战天下》尤多政治,陌离只想呈献陌离心中的战乱天下。不喜者慎入。届时若再有人提及此问题,请恕陌离不再回答!前世的她是一名优秀的情妇,一个成功的商人却没有朋友,没有爱情。今世的她是一缕异世幽魂,任是无情也动人看她如何收获人情,如何斩获爱情。邪魅多金如他,是这个世上唯一知道她来历的人,两人惺惺相惜,奈何中间隔了一个叫微音的女子。温婉、贤惠如她,让他们如何忍心去伤害?妖娆多情如他,愿为她放弃整个花园。奈何她有前世的心防,他亦有家庭的重任,教他们如何轻易放下?温文尔雅如他,爱她、护她,却是别有内情,当层层真相被剥开,教她情何以堪?冷漠无情如他,强大到让她不得不步步为营。心灵失守是否敌得过家破人亡?她又该何去何从?范以安属凌君涵风格,陌离不用怎么改简介,嘿嘿,他有什么不可告人的秘密呢?敬请关注《改嫁皇后》下部陌离QQ:406419212
  • 傲战天下

    傲战天下

    实力,我所欲也;美女,我所欲也;两者不可兼得,提升实力抢美女者也。苏然穿越而来,变成名副其实的战五渣。在这片战力为尊的大陆,阴谋,阳谋,在绝对实力面前,全都不堪一击;战五渣用真气逆袭,摆脱废柴之名,一步步登上战神巅峰。
  • 将梦想置顶

    将梦想置顶

    《将梦想置顶》汇聚了《读者》《青年文摘》《 意林》《格言》等国内著名刊物最知名的签约作家的最新力作。这些作品,涉及方方面面,它们有些直指 心灵,在阅读中悄然渗入心田,给内心带来震撼;有些灵气十足,让你回味值得典藏的温暖和感动;有些 睿智凝练,给你带来直接的启迪,得到解决问题的方法;有些深情感人,直达灵魂,让你不禁为之潸然泪 下……这些故事,将让你体验前所未有的心灵盛宴,获得终身受用的人生智慧,给你带来感动和快乐,以 及直面生活的正能量。
  • 一个人的朝圣(套装全2册)

    一个人的朝圣(套装全2册)

    哈罗德弗莱,六十五岁,在啤酒厂干了四十来年销售代表后默默退休。大半辈子的生活惯性像铁皮盔甲将他罩住,他跟妻子住在英国乡间,生活平静,夫妻疏离,日复一日。一天早晨,他收到一封信,来自二十年未见的老友奎妮。她患了癌症,写信告别。哈罗德写了回信,在寄出的路上,他由奎妮想到自己,越走越远,最后,他从英国最西南一路走到最东北,横跨整个英格兰。87天,627英里,只凭一个信念:只要他走,奎妮就会活下去。这是哈罗德千里跋涉的故事。从他脚步迈开的那一刻起,与他六百多英里旅程并行的,是他穿越时光的另一场内心之旅。这趟旅程经过自我、走过现代社会百态、跨越时间和地理风景,他敞开自己伤痕累累的心,让生命重新发光。