登陆注册
5186300000049

第49章 MONEY OR SIMPLE CIRCULATION(30)

[8.]Petty,Political Arithmetick ,p.196[9.]Francois Bernier,Voyages contenant la deion des états du Grand Mogol ,Paris edition of 1830,t.1,cf.pp.312-14[10.]Doctor Martin Luther,Bucher vom Kaufhandel und Wucher ,1524.Luther writes in the same passage:"God has brought it about that we Germans must thrust our gold and silver into foreign countries making all the world rich while we ourselves remain beggars.England would surely have less gold if Germany refused to take her cloth,and the King of Portugal,too,would have less,if we refused to take his spices.If you calculate how much money is extracted,without need or cause from the German territories during one fair at Frankfurt,you wili wonder how it comes about that even a single farthing is still left in Germany.Frankfurt is the silver and gold drain through which everything that arises and grows,that is minted or struck here flows out of the country;if this hole were plugged one would not hear the present complaint that there is everywhere unmitigated debts and no money,that the entire country and all the towns are despoilt by usury.But never mind things will nevertheless continue in this way:

we Germans have to remain Germans,we do not desist unless we have to."In the above-quoted work Misselden wants gold and silver to be retained at all events within the bounds of Christendom:"The other forreine remote causes of the want of money,are the Trades maintained out of Christendome to Turky,Persia and the East Indies,which trades are maintained for the most part with ready money,yet in a different manner from the trades of Christendome within it selfe.For although the trades within Christendome are driven with ready monies,yet those monies are still contained and continued within the bounds of Christendome.There is indeede a fluxus and refluxus,a flood and ebbe of the monies of Christendome traded within it selfe;for sometimes there is more in one part of Christendome,sometimes there is lesse in another,as one Countrey wanteth and another aboundeth:It cometh and goeth,and wirleth about the Circle of Christendome,but is still contained within the compasse thereof.But the money that is traded out of Christendome into the parts aforesaid is continually issued out and never returneth againe.

[11.]"But from money first springs avarice ...this grows by stages into a kind of madness,no longer merely avarice but a positive hunger for gold."(Plinius,Historia naturalis ,L.XXXIII,C.III.)[12.]Horace,therefore,knows nothing of the philosophy of hoarding treasures,when he says (Satir.L.II,Satir.III):"If a man were to buy harps,and soon as bought were to pile them together,though feeling no interest in the harp or any Muse;if,though no cobbler,he did the same with shoes,knives and lasts;with ships'sails,though set against a trader's life --everyone would call him crazy and mad,and rightly too.How differs from these the man who hoards up silver and gold,though he knows not how to use his store,and fears to touch it as though hallowed?"[Horace,Satires,Epistles,Ars Poetica ,London,1942,p.163.]

Mr.Senior knows more about the subject:

"Money seems to be the only object for which the desire is universal;and it is so,because money is abstract wealth .Its possessor may satisfy at will his requirements whatever they may be."Principes fondamentaux de l'économie politique ,traduit par le Comte Jean Arrivabene,Paris,1836,p.221[The English passage is taken from Senior Political Economy ,1850,p.27].And Storch as well:"As money represents all other forms of wealth,one needs only to accumulate it in order to obtain all other kinds of wealth that exist on earth"(op.cit.,t.II,p.135)[13.]How little the inner man of the individual owner of commodities has changed even when he has become civilised and turned into a capitalist is for instance proved by a London representative of an international banking house who displayed a framed £100,000note as an appropriate family coat of arms.The point in this case is the derisory and supercilious air with which the note looks down upon circulation.

[14.]See the passage from Xenophon quoted later [15.]Jacob,op.cit.,Vol.11,ch.25and 26[16.]"In times of great agitation and insecurity,especially during internal commotions or invasions,gold and silver articles are rapidly converted into rnoney;whilst,during periods of tranquillity and prosperity,money is converted into plate and jewellery"(op.cit.,Vol.II,p.357).

同类推荐
  • 论语集注

    论语集注

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 雷霆玉枢宥罪法忏

    雷霆玉枢宥罪法忏

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 明伦汇编人事典疾病部

    明伦汇编人事典疾病部

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 仙授理伤续断秘方

    仙授理伤续断秘方

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 张氏可书

    张氏可书

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 暖婚之一胎两宝

    暖婚之一胎两宝

    对何依来说,人生就像一张茶几,上面摆满了各种杯具(悲剧)。订婚前夕,她惨遭失身,未婚先孕,生父不详。生下孩子刚满月,她父亲的公司破产,父亲心脏病突发去世。而造成这一切悲剧的罪魅祸首竟然是她信任依赖的丈夫。绝望愤怒之下,她开车冲向了仇人。***五年后,她是刑满出狱的弃妇,穷困潦倒三餐不继,就连孩子都被仇人夺走,她一无所有。小三转正,对她嗤之以鼻:“你怎么还有脸活着!我要是你,早就死了!”她凉薄浅笑:“我活着,是为了看你们如何下地狱!”***为夺回女儿并且为父报仇,她重整旗鼓驰骋商界,发誓要虐渣到底。谁知虐渣的过程中竟然顺手牵羊捡到了萌宝一枚!萌宝聪明乖巧,跟她家乖宝正好凑一对,五官气质神韵竟无二致,这……这是龙凤双胞胎吗?天呐,她只记得自己生了一个女儿,什么时候还冒出一个儿子呢!天赐萌宝,这就罢了!问题是萌宝的爸爸也跟着来了,嚷着要娶她。“为宝宝找了这么多年的妈妈,终于找到了!”某男强势拥她入怀,在她耳边邪肆低语:“这世上只有你的身体与我百分百契合,品尝过你的美味之后,其他的我再也吃不下!”她说:“如果不能嫁给爱情,我宁愿嫁给权势!”然而,男人得陇望蜀,拥着她诱惑道:“爱上我并不是件困难的事情,你可以试一试。”她不屑一顾:“爱情是什么鬼?除非漫天花雨,遍地生花,我才重新相信这世上还有所谓的爱情。”片断抢鲜看:数十架直升飞机低空盘旋,正在施使人工降雨——花瓣雨!漫天花瓣如雪般纷纷扬扬,五彩缤纷,流香四溢。何依沐浴在花雨里,惊喜地仰首。盘施最低的那架飞机里有着她熟悉的俊影,她看到了他明亮的眼眸还有唇角温暖的笑。——他,真得让她的世界遍地生花。——————————————-治愈系暖文,喜欢收藏,感谢支持\(^o^)/~
  • 星网帝国

    星网帝国

    这是一个和地球平行的世界,除了一些国家的名称不同,世界的发展史却惊人的相似。一个生意惨淡,情感濒临危机的网吧年轻小业主,神奇的进入了模拟人生的世界,利用系统的能力,从一个菜鸟小白,成为一个网络大师,最终成就取代互联网,开创星网的新一代网络大亨。(每天10:00,18:15更新)新书:《众神之谁与争锋》吾曾众神王座前论道,神话亦有吾争先!
  • 未央留白

    未央留白

    感情不分先后,以为是短暂的相遇,有可能就是一生。她和他的相遇是一场偶然,也是必然……
  • 万能僵尸在都市

    万能僵尸在都市

    凌晨子,意外的成为了僵尸,本应死亡的他却从秦朝一直活到现在,亲人朋友的离去让他的心已经麻木,他不敢再去交朋友,只有自己躲在角落里哭泣。有谁能在一次唤醒他沉睡的心呢?
  • 宋帅追妻攻略

    宋帅追妻攻略

    一场车祸醒来,邱翼遥从以前的刁蛮任性、飞扬跋扈的大小姐,变成处理事波澜不惊、坦然自若且独立自主的女孩......车祸前,邱翼遥每次见到宋翼恒就追着问:“翼恒哥哥,你有没有想我?”“翼恒哥哥,你你是不是会娶我?”“翼恒哥哥,你为什么那么久不来看我?”宋翼恒对她避之不及。车祸醒来后,宋翼恒来看她时,邱翼遥却是三百六十度大转变的态度:“翼恒哥,谢谢你以前对我的照顾、包容以及关爱,谢谢你一直作为我的大哥哥一样维护我。你在部队那么忙要照顾好自己的身体。我以后不会再不懂事地纠缠你了。”宋翼恒看到她莫名的大变性内心很宽慰却又感到一丝不安,总觉得有什么重要的东西在他心里慢慢抽离,想抓住却又无力。
  • 窃听风云:美国中央情报局(绝密行动)

    窃听风云:美国中央情报局(绝密行动)

    它的名字经常出现在好莱坞大片里,颠覆、暗杀是它的拿手好戏,通缉伊拉克总统,追杀卡斯特罗,影响世界政坛的重大事件中它都扮演了举足轻重的角色;它是美国最能花钱的部门之一,但往往是无功而返;击毙本·拉登一雪前耻,但反恐行动远未画上句号。这就是它—美国中央情报局。为读者揭秘世界上最公开、实力最雄厚的情报组织。
  • 宫妆误

    宫妆误

    林花谢了春红,太匆匆。一段繁华绵密的花间岁月,一场旷世珍重的深情挚爱。留意儒雅温文勤政的宋仁宗赵祯与娇生惯养任性高傲的皇后郭绾绾,从最初的两小无猜到疏离渐生又到两心如一,最后花落人去,独留了他守这岁月朝暮,山河无情。故事起于明道元年她打他的一个耳光,从此牵扯出前朝后廷多少明争暗斗。真情萌动,恩爱缠绵,白首一心,矢志不渝,那些不经意的瞬间,未察觉的感情,金锁沉埋的时光里,他们又以怎样的目光注视过彼此。宫妆误,误了红尘绯色落,误了碧阙江山寞相见欢,别亦难,此生此梦,是惊艳,亦是伤逝。--情节虚构,请勿模仿
  • 七日情

    七日情

    对婚姻一再失望,她只身到云南。曾经的闺蜜,如今的情敌,步步逼迫。曾经的爱人,如今的仇人,相互嫌弃。为了报复,她与一个陌生的男人,度过了美妙的七日。最终,她顿悟。决定结束那一段失败的婚姻。然而,谁能告诉她,世界为什么那么小?找一个律师,都能找到曾经的七日伴侣?楚大律师说:“应该知道我的规矩,我接官司,价码不定。这一次,我想要的,有些特殊。”“嗯哼?”“你。”
  • 天音少女:丫头,再爱我一次

    天音少女:丫头,再爱我一次

    天音少女解散以后,左月紫以掩耳不及惊雷霆之势迅速入学了M市的一流平民高中,可是胜华高中绝对不能惹的三个人,欧若明和安亚明,左月紫在进校的第一天就华丽丽地得罪了两个,虽然身边有个看似很温和的帅哥李继云护航,但是为什么感觉他这人迷雾重重呢。<br/>“死女人,你嫁不出去的。”<br/>为了这一句话,左月紫咬牙切齿,欧若明,姑奶奶我一定要你拜倒在我的石榴裙下,再狠狠一脚踹开你!!!<br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  • 黛颜

    黛颜

    两位倾国传奇女相,在她们柔弱的外表下是怎样的深谋远虑。而有是什么让她们凤凰涅槃,泣血重生。他们幸福得不似真实,亦残酷得不像虚幻。佳人轻纱衣,万千丝,怎道这愁?君子眉目清,气宇轩,怎道这苦?转来转去,原来只是她这一切都是局,局罢了,把我围了进去,也把你自己围了进去,绿弦轻颤,繁星为烟,红衣漫天,珠花四溅,至上莫雪,傲冷赛寒,六月飘雪,沾湿屋檐,浮华流年,绚烂如昙,倾国倾城,奈何红颜,心疼可怜,终是无缘,泉溪潺潺,琴音颤颤,光华流转,再续前缘,掀去薄帘,竟是这般,千世无眠,一世缠绵,为卿点钿,此是佳篇,既然如此,不如趁早放手。不能依靠任何人。