登陆注册
5214200000156

第156章

But of this mercy the demons have been judged unworthy, and they have received, in conjunction with a soul subject to passions, a body not mortal like man's, but eternal.For they should have been happier than men if they had, like men, had a mortal body, and, like the gods, a blessed soul.And they should have been equal to men, if in conjunction with a miserable soul they had at least received, like men, a mortal body, so that death might have freed them from trouble, if, at least, they should have attained some degree of piety.But, as it is, they are not only no happier than men, having, like them, a miserable soul, they are also more wretched, being eternally bound to the body; for he does not leave us to infer that by some progress in wisdom and piety they can become gods, but expressly says that they are demons forever.

CHAP.11.--OF THE OPINION OF THE PLATONISTS, THAT THE SOULS OF MEN BECOMEDEMONS

WHEN DISEMBODIED.

He(4) says, indeed, that the souls of men are demons, and that men become Lares if they are good, Lemures or Larvae if they are bad, and Manes if it is uncertain whether they de serve well or ill.Who does not see at a glance that this is a mere whirlpool sucking men to moral destruction? For, however wicked men have been, if they suppose they shall become Larvae or divine Manes, they will become the worse the more love they have for inflicting injury; for, as the Larvae are hurtful demons made out of wicked men, these men must suppose that after death they will be invoked with sacrifices and divine honors that they may inflict injuries.But this question we must not pursue.He also states that the blessed are called in Greek eudaimones, because they are good souls, that is to say, good demons, confirming his opinion that the souls of men are demons.

CHAP.12.--OF THE THREE OPPOSITE QUALITIES BY WHICH THE PLATONISTS DISTINGUISHBETWEEN THE NATURE OF MEN AND THAT OF DEMONS.

But at present we are speaking of those beings whom he described as being properly intermediate between gods and men, in nature animals, in mind rational, in soul subject to passion, in body aerial, in duration eternal.When he had distinguished the gods, whom he placed in the highest heaven, from men, whom he placed on earth, not only by position but also by the unequal dignity of their natures, he concluded in these words: "You have here two kinds of animals: the gods, widely distinguished from men by sublimity of abode, perpetuity of life, perfection of nature;for their habitations are separated by so wide an interval that there can be no intimate communication between them, and while the vitality of the one is eternal and indefeasible, that of the others is fading and precarious, and while the spirits of the gods are exalted in bliss, those of men are sunk in miseries."(1) Here I find three opposite qualities ascribed to the extremes of being, the highest and lowest.For, after mentioning the three qualities for which we are to admire the gods, he repeated, though in other words, the same three as a foil to the defects of man.The three qualities are, "sublimity of abode, perpetuity of life, perfection of nature." These he again mentioned so as to bring out their contrasts in man's condition.As he had mentioned "sublimity of abode," he says, "Their habitations are separated by so wide an interval;" as he had mentioned "perpetuity of life," he says, that "while divine life is eternal and indefeasible, human life is fading and precarious;" and as he had mentioned "perfection of nature,"he says, that "while the spirits of the gods are exalted in bliss, those of men are sunk in miseries." These three things, then, he predicates of the gods, exaltation, eternity, blessedness;and of man he predicates the opposite, lowliness of habitation, mortality, misery.

CHAP.13.--HOW THE DEMONS CAN MEDIATE BETWEEN GODS AND MEN IF THEY HAVENOTHING

IN COMMON WITH BOTH, BEING NEITHER BLESSED LIKE THE GODS, NOR MISERABLELIKE

MEN.

If, now, we endeavor to find between these opposites the mean occupied by the demons, there can be no question as to their local position; for, between the highest and lowest place, there is a place which is rightly considered and called the middle place.The other two qualities remain, and to them we must give greater care, that we may see whether they are altogether foreign to the demons, or how they are so bestowed upon them without infringing upon their mediate position.We may dismiss the idea that they are foreign to them.For we cannot say that the demons, being rational animals, are neither blessed nor wretched, as we say of the beasts and plants, which are void of feeling and reason, or as we say of the middle place, that it is neither the highest nor the lowest.The demons, being rational, must be either miserable or blessed.And, in like manner, we cannot say that they are neither mortal nor immortal; for all living things either live eternally or end life in death.Our author, besides, stated that the demons are eternal.What remains for us to suppose, then, but that these mediate beings are assimilated to the gods in one of the two remaining qualities, and to men in the other? For if they received both from above, or both from beneath, they should no longer be mediate, but either rise to the gods above, or sink to men beneath.Therefore, as it has been demonstrated that they must possess these two qualities, they will hold their middle place if they receive one from each party.

Consequently, as they cannot receive their eternity from beneath, because it is not there to receive, they must get it from above;and accordingly they have no choice but to complete their mediate position by accepting misery from men.

同类推荐
  • 易纬乾元序制记

    易纬乾元序制记

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 高拱诗选

    高拱诗选

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 寄膳部李郎中昌符

    寄膳部李郎中昌符

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 乾道临安志

    乾道临安志

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 柳宗元集

    柳宗元集

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 最初的爱,最后的仪式

    最初的爱,最后的仪式

    温亚军,现为北京武警总部某文学杂志主编。著有长篇小说伪生活等六部,小说集硬雪、驮水的日子等七部。获第三届鲁迅文学奖,第十一届庄重文文学奖,《小说选刊》《中国作家》和《上海文学》等刊物奖,入选中国小说学会排行榜。中国作家协会会员。
  • 身体里的那点事:奇妙而有趣的生理常识

    身体里的那点事:奇妙而有趣的生理常识

    本书主要内容包括:我们的身体到底是什么样子、身体是怎样构成的、身体里面有什么、我们的身体从哪里来、“种瓜得瓜”的秘密、“照顾自己”——保护自己的身体、“身体升级”——提高身体性能等等。
  • 洞真太上紫度炎光神元变经

    洞真太上紫度炎光神元变经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 神级仙女系统

    神级仙女系统

    身怀仙女系统,宋银穿越古代,原本只想吃喝玩乐游戏人间,却哪知遇到了当朝最无赖的他……“宋银,军饷不足,你给本王变点钱吧。”“宋银,军粮不足,你给本王变点粮食吧。”“宋银,武器不足,你给本王变点兵器吧。”“宋银,妃位空悬,你给本王变个媳妇儿吧。”……士可杀不可辱,且看她如何发家致富为祸一方。要媳妇儿是吗,王爷你听说过女装大佬不?……(群号:541283906,进群没啥要求,说出一个角色名字就行~)
  • 那里有只猫

    那里有只猫

    思念变成一根尖锐的针,捅破薄如月色的夜。明天一片落叶飘下来,把我的记忆埋葬。
  • 千金萌妻:临时未婚夫

    千金萌妻:临时未婚夫

    你是我唯一的没有按常理出牌的选择,徐思乾,被人们称之为谨慎处事的商业精英,谕知为黑马,谁知道他竟娶了自己弟弟的老婆为妻,从此以后兄弟之间明争暗斗。作为被徐家当作宝贝一样宠爱的儿媳妇木槿从小受着良好的教育,为了木家的继承,放弃了自己热爱的陶艺,选择了商业联姻的快捷键,以至于让自己措手不及的失去了原有的轨迹,遇上这个一丝不苟做事严谨的工作狂总裁徐思乾,而这场婚姻的开始却是木槿是这辈子最大的遗憾。徐思乾的不近人情,毫无情调的作风,并不是木槿所喜欢的,而他的温柔,细腻却一次次击垮她坚实的内心。
  • 灭世剑修

    灭世剑修

    身怀异宝,遭人觊觎,家破人亡的小小少年不得已踏上了剑修之路,还未报仇,仇家已经消失。前半生尝尽人间悲苦,却越挫越勇。脚踩天赋异禀的贵公子,手握妖刀,战尽败类。看夏羽如何成为剑道的王者。叱咤一方风云。
  • 我做盗墓贼那些年

    我做盗墓贼那些年

    一位故人的来访,带着主人公重游神话之地——千古神农架。炎帝神农氏的成名之地,中国最秘静的古林,传说最多的山脉,异兽出没最古怪的地方,上古奇书《黑暗传》,里面的秘密到底有多少!在神农架之中到底是谁在沉睡!一个盗墓者的传奇,一段倒斗人的故事,就这么惊悚的开始了!忍不住的尖叫,不自觉的发凉,够胆量就来这个盗墓的世界!
  • 凤逆天下:皇上,我要废了你

    凤逆天下:皇上,我要废了你

    【玄幻女强】【速更】她身为头牌特工,竟遭遇穿越?不过没关系,换个世界,她照样可以玩的风生水起。身份卑微的替嫁丫鬟?呵呵,她会让所有人悔恨终生。浩云国皇帝,为安抚蓄谋篡位的三王爷与之女和亲。不料,三王爷却让府上丫鬟替嫁。但怎知,这丫鬟后天得力,光耀朝野。挟天子,令诸侯,废皇帝,创新朝,成天下奇谈。然而,龙吟国国王的出现,打乱了她所有的计划。到底是前世挚爱,还是今世死敌,且看她如何应对。
  • Christmas Forever (The Inn at Sunset Harbor—Book 8

    Christmas Forever (The Inn at Sunset Harbor—Book 8

    "Sophie Love's ability to impart magic to her readers is exquisitely wrought in powerfully evocative phrases and descriptions….This is the perfect romance or beach read, with a difference: its enthusiasm and beautiful descriptions offer an unexpected attention to the complexity of not just evolving love, but evolving psyches. It's a delightful recommendation for romance readers looking for a touch more complexity from their romance reads."--Midwest Book Review (Diane Donovan re For Now and Forever)CHRISTMAS FOREVER is book #8—and the finale—in the #1 bestselling romance series THE INN AT SUNSET HARBOR, which begins with For Now and Forever (book #1)—a free download!Winter is coming in Sunset Harbor, and Emily Mitchell is nearing her third trimester. While they continue to develop their new private island, a new opportunity arises—one Emily had never anticipated, and which could change everything.