登陆注册
5217300000016

第16章 Chapter I(16)

Thus,the Chartists were not hearty,even in the anti-Corn-law agitation.They did not see that a rise of profits was at all for their benefit.They held,as Mill observes,that whatever profit was gained would go to their masters.On the other hand,they did not admire the new Poor-law.They thought that,as Cobbett had told them,it robbed them of their rights,and did not object to having small sinecures.National education,however desirable,did not seem worth a struggle till they had got higher wages.

Then,as Mill again admits,they would not see that the competition which injured them was their own competition,and due to their disregard of Malthus.They objected to competition in general,which meant,as they thought,the grinding down of their class by the wicked capitalist.Mill remarks that Owen was not really opposed to rights of property;and one of his recommendations is that the law of partnership should be reformed so as to facilitate the growth of cooperative societies.Even if this failed,it would tend to educate the poor in sound economic principles.Meanwhile,however,the principles of their actual leaders were anything but 'sound.'Mill incidentally speaks of the,Oastlers and Stephenses,as representing only the worst class of the 'operative Radicals.'Oastler was at this time conspicuous for his support of the factory legislation.He was allied with Lord Ashley,and represented the alliance of Socialism with Toryism or 'New Englandism.'Now the factory legislation,which naturally seemed to the working classes the greatest step towards a recognition of their interest,is not mentioned by Mill,and for the good reason that he and his school were opposed to it on principle.He refers incidentally to measures such as the Eight Hours Bill as belonging to the quack schemes of reform.(33)Briefly,the difficulty was that the working classes were already looking in the direction of Socialism,and that Mill remained a thorough individualist.With his sanguine belief in the power of education,he thought,with a certain simplicity,that the Owenites,with whose ultimate views he fully sympathised,might be taught to give up their crude political economy.Their education required more time and labour than he imagined.

This indicates a critical point.The classes which had been disappointed by the Reform Bill,and had hoped for great social changes,were discontented,but looked for remedies of a very different kind from Mill's.They could not see a philanthropy which was hidden behind Malthus and Ricardo,and which proposed to improve their position by removing privileges,indeed,but not by diminishing competition.If this applied to Mill,it applied still more to his friends.They represented rather intellectual scorn for old prejudices and clumsy administration than any keen sympathy with the sufferings of the poor.The harsher side of the old Utilitarianism was,therefore,emphasised by them,and Mill's attempts to enlarge and soften its teaching were regarded by his allies with a certain suspicion.They thought that his sympathy with the Socialist ends implied a tendency to look too favourably upon its means.The articles upon Bentham and Coleridge,(34)in which he tried to inculcate a wider sympathy with his opponents,scandalised such friends as Grote,and he ceased to represent even his own allies.Philosophical Radicalism died out.Its adherents became Whigs,or joined the Cobden form of Radicalism,which was the very antithesis of Socialism.Their philosophy suited neither party.To the class which still retained the leading position in politics,they appeared as destructives;and to the classes which were turning towards Chartism,they appeared as the most chilling critics of popular aspiration.The Free-trade movement,which was gathering strength as the manufacturing interest grew stronger,had no doubt an affinity for one important part of their teaching.But such men as Cobden and Bright,though they accepted the political economy of the Utilitarians,could not be counted as products or adherents of the Utilitarian philosophy.The agreement was superficial in other respects,though complete in regard to one important group of measures.This marks an essential point in Mill's political and social doctrine.For the present,it is enough to note that the philosophical Radicals who had expected to lead the van had been left on one side in the political warfare,and by 1840were almost disbanded.Grote,the ablest of Mill's friends,retired from parliament to devote himself to his History of Greece about the same time as Mill set to work upon the completion of his Logic.

同类推荐
热门推荐
  • 快穿之炮灰凶残

    快穿之炮灰凶残

    莫凌觉得自己已经够悲惨了,却有一个人要她去拯救别人的悲惨命运,呵呵,没兴趣。“你答不答应?”莫凌:“我不答应!”那人一脚把莫凌踹进任务中,根本不管莫凌愿不愿意。莫凌:……
  • 异境奇缘——人生部曲

    异境奇缘——人生部曲

    她,一夜之间成为当朝相国最宠爱的幺女。他,堂堂奇域国度为之疯狂的二皇子。错时空的一段奇遇,将如何演奏他们的人生部曲。女孩儿郑重其事的说:“这关还是我来闯。”男人冷俊的眸子里闪过一丝柔情。沉声道:“好。”女孩儿清澈如水的眸子望着他,十分认真的说道:“你要是觉得时间太久太无聊,可以沿途赏花晒太阳去。”男人邪魅一笑,沉声道:“你继续闯你的关,我可以继续看你。”女孩儿弯了弯唇角,又一次开启了通关奖励。头也不回的甩出一句话。“战利品归我。”男人抬手便揽在女孩儿的腰上,低声说道:“都归你…你归我。”
  • 冷酷相公现代妻

    冷酷相公现代妻

    姻缘宫内住着传说中的月老与他的小徒儿,一位白胡子白头发的老头躺在一张悬空的摇椅上半眯着深遂的眼睛,嘴里喃喃道:“徒儿,你要注意哦,千万别牵错线。”“师父你放心吧。”看着月老快睡着的样子,徒儿两眼放出贼光来。月老在摇椅上慢慢的进入了梦乡,而他那调皮的徒儿这时突然奇想,如果把这个长得胖乎乎的小脸的女娃与另一个时空的几个男子用红线牵在一起会发生什么事情呢?想罢便行动起来,牵完后,看着自己的杰作,期待着人间将会发生的一切……要知道天上一天,人间十年。月老打盹之际人间到底发生了些什么呢?她没钱没文化,但是可爱活泼,调皮搞怪。他文武全才,长相帅气,冷酷无情。她一个21世纪的新新人类,思想开放。他一个满脑子的封建思想,男尊女卑的一个迂腐古人。看她怎么改变他--------走过路过的读者们,请动动你们的纤纤玉手点击一下收藏,曦儿在此谢过!
  • 快穿:我就是要怼主角

    快穿:我就是要怼主角

    写书猝死开始拯(狂)救(虐)世(主)界(角)的白墨表示有那么一丝丝兴奋,根正苗红但长歪了的白墨搓手期待着人生巅峰的到来。世界男主三观不正?没关系,治一治。世界女主品行不良?没关系,整一整。白墨就喜欢干这种怼人的事,你说让她帮主角改邪归正?白墨挥挥手:“不存在的,我又不是他爸妈!”原以为以后就这样过下去的,没想到穿着穿着穿出了身世之谜,最后一个世界的主角,到底是虐还是不虐呢?有男主1v1,前两个故事是小时候写的,对!就是这样!后面没签约(之前)于是作者开始放飞自我了,从没写过长文的作者无存稿无大纲无设定下摸索性试错产物,化学状态极其不稳定,所以,慎读!慎读!
  • 用心打造的习惯

    用心打造的习惯

    谁不愿与一个具有高雅气质、风度翩翩的青年成为挚友呢?所以这样优秀的青年必定会前途光明。而一个脾气古怪、态度粗鲁的青年则会遭人厌恶,因为人们都向往快乐和光明,谁会喜欢冷酷和黑暗呢?一个人如果在各方面都很优秀,但是却有一身怪习气,那么他在事业上不会有太大的发展空间。
  • 鸾倾宫之如妃当道

    鸾倾宫之如妃当道

    一朝为妃,宫中权势瞬间倾倒。恩宠于身,傲然新旧容颜更替。如玥满心以为,这是她入宫以来最好的时候。大权在手,能与皇后分庭抗礼。恩宠不减,即便新人娇艳,可皇上的心始终怜惜自己。岂料小公主的夭折,再度掀起后宫里血雨腥风的争斗。刺骨的伤痛背后,竟然是蓄谋已久的杀害!
  • 豪门甜婚:淘气小萌妻

    豪门甜婚:淘气小萌妻

    【正文已完】【推荐新文:《误嫁豪门:妖孽老公放过我》,大家有票投到新文吧,兔子在此谢谢了!】他是眼高于顶目中无人的商界至尊,她是土生土长性子欢脱的“小土包子”,一纸婚约将他们绑到了一起,她说,“我配不上您,咱取消婚约吧。”他笑,“我不介意委屈自己……”【家有萌宝】:“魔镜魔镜告诉我,谁才是我爹地最爱的女人?”“你妈咪。”坐在沙发上看报纸的他顺便回答。……隔日“爹地,想见你老婆吗?”“?”“我把你老婆绑架了,想见她的话给一千万赎金吧,不然这辈子你也不要想见到她了。”酷似他的小人儿冷酷的说着,“既然我得不到你的心,那就让我得到你的钱好了。”“……”
  • Tom Tiddler's Ground

    Tom Tiddler's Ground

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 农门温香

    农门温香

    李紫荆,农女一枚,还没出嫁,就背上了克夫的骂名,没人敢娶,受尽嘲笑和欺负。一朝身死,再次睁眼,身体里是现代的灵魂,从此,谁都别想欺负她!后,有个汉子不怕死的娶了她,还只知道宠她宠她宠她!可没人看好这门婚事,大家都说他会被她克死,却不料,他不仅没被克死,她还旺夫旺到他祖坟冒青烟。只是,她相公‘命中九子’是怎么回事……(爽文,男强女强,1v1甜宠文)(推荐树树老文《农门长安》~)
  • 沉思录

    沉思录

    本书由古罗马唯一一位哲学家皇帝马可·奥勒留·安东尼所著,是一本写给自己的书,内容大部分是他在鞍马劳顿中写成的。它来自作者对身羁宫廷的自己和自己所处混乱世界的感受,追求一种冷静而达观的生活。这本书是斯多葛学派的一个里程碑。