登陆注册
5243900000049

第49章 Chapter 8(1)

The Vested Interests and the Common Man

In the eighteenth century certain principles of enlightened common sense were thrown into formal shape and adopted by the civilised peoples of that time to govern the system of law and order, use and wont, under which they chose to live. So far as concerns economic relations the principles which so became incorporated into the system of civilised law and custom at that time were the principles of equal opportunity, self-determination, and self-help. Chief among the specific rights by which this civilised scheme of equal opportunity and self-help were to be safeguarded were the rights of free contract and security of property. These make up the substantial core of that system of principles which is called the modern point of view, in so far as concerns trade, industry, investment, credit obligations, and whatever else may properly be spoken of as economic institutions. And these still stand over today, paramount among the inalienable rights of all free citizens in all free countries; they are the groundwork of the economic system as it runs today, and this existing system can undergo no material change of character so long as these paramount rights of civilised men continue to be inalienable. Any move to set these rights aside would be subversive of the modern economic order;

whereas no revision or alteration of established rights and usages will amount to a revolutionary move, so long as it does not disallow these paramount economic rights.

When the constituent principles of the modern point of view were accepted and the modern scheme of civilised life was therewith endorsed by the civilised peoples, in the eighteenth century, these rights of self-direction and self-help were counted on as the particular and sufficient safeguard of equity and industry in any civilised country. They were counted on to establish equality among men in all their economic relations and to maintain the industrial system at the highest practicable degree of productive efficiency. They were counted on to give enduring effect to the rule of Live and Let Live. And such is still the value ascribed to these rights in the esteem of modern men. The maintenance of law and order still means primarily and chiefly the maintenance of these rights of ownership and pecuniary obligation.

But things have changed since that time in such a way that the rule of Live and Let Live is no longer completely safeguarded by maintaining these rights in the shape given them in the eighteenth century, -- or at least there are large sections of the people in these civilised countries who are beginning to think so, which is just as good for practical purposes. Things have changed in such a way since that time, that the ownership of property in large holdings now controls the nation's industry, and therefore it controls the conditions of life for those who are or wish to be engaged in industry; at the same time that the same ownership of large wealth controls the markets and thereby controls the conditions of life for those who have to resort to the markets to sell or to buy. In other words, it has come to pass with the change of circumstances that the rule of Live and Let Live now waits on the discretion of the owners of large wealth. In fact, those thoughtful men in the eighteenth century who made so much of these constituent principles of the modern point of view did not contemplate anything like the system of large wealth, large-scale industry, and large-scale commerce and credit which prevails today. They did not foresee the new order in industry and business, and the system of rights and obligations which they installed, therefore, made no provision for the new order of things that has come on since their time.

The new order has brought the machine industry, corporation finance, big business, and the world market, Under this new order in business and industry, business controls industry. Invested wealth in large holdings controls the country's industrial system, directly by ownership of the plant, as in the mechanical industries, or indirectly through the market, as in farming. So that the population of these civilised countries now falls into two main classes: those who own wealth invested in large holdings and who thereby control the conditions of life for the rest; and those who do not own wealth in sufficiently large holdings, and whose conditions of life are therefore controlled by these others. It is a division, not between those who have something and those who have nothing -- as many socialists would be inclined to describe it -- but between those who own wealth enough to make it count, and those who do not.

同类推荐
热门推荐
  • 千金小姐倒追日记

    千金小姐倒追日记

    (别名:《调戏妖孽美男》)千金小姐姜敏儿童鞋离家出走在韩国当了个廉价洗碗工,路遇醉酒美男还见色心起地拖回家上下其手。这娃实在胆大包天,为了靠近那人各种的没原则矫情装逼易推倒……偏偏还没人看得出来她是在——倒追!好吧,姜敏儿同志郑重声明:喂!美男童鞋,两年前在中国,可是你把我拖进酒店的!姑娘我可先给了你钱了……你好歹先把义务给尽了啊!!
  • 穿越之你才是弃妇

    穿越之你才是弃妇

    冷酷无情的皇子,娶她只因她父亲是当朝将军,手握整个王朝一半的兵权。她只是一颗棋子,被利用完,还剩下什么?跌落山崖之下,再次醒来,她已经忘记了他,失去了所有的记忆,忘记了仇恨,他们之间已成陌路?而他,后宫妃嫔三千……他还会记得她吗?
  • 唯有莫离流年

    唯有莫离流年

    陌路幽幽影潺湲,黎明伴雨涟漪间。唯君翩翩展笑颜,真假如梦暗香添。年少相识,她问,莫离?是永远不分离的意思吗?她以为,最美不过初相遇。当时过境迁,她觉得还不如不遇。多年后重逢,物是人非,刻在内心深处的人,潜藏在心底的记忆,她是否愿意重新想起?她自认不如飞蛾幸运,终此一生也得不到心之所系,可她渐渐发现,他和她,其实相距甚近。不料过往不曾真实,他亦不是他,她又该如何抉择?唯以真心相待,许一世莫离。
  • 一根香蕉

    一根香蕉

    猪脚有不吃饭也不觉得饿的变态超能力(当然,一直不吃依然会饿死)组织有着开汽车连按8次喇叭可以让后面的汽车永远的消失的超能力。。。这是一个针尖对麦芒的修仙故事
  • 冷帝的盛宠

    冷帝的盛宠

    他是楚仪国最隐忍狠辣的皇帝,九岁双腿残废,十岁被册封为太子,十二岁登基,历经波折。她是宠臣之女,万千宠爱集一身,天真叛逆,自小与楚仪国第一少年将帅订婚,青梅竹马,情深不悔,却被他掳入后宫。谣言传:她不喜位居人下,他便为她废去皇后,立她为后。还传:她善妒,一日,遥帝醉酒,歇于醉茵阁柔妃处,皇后醋意大发,一怒之下连夜闯入醉茵阁当众掌掴柔妃,自此遥帝不顾朝纲法纪,为她散尽六宫。后又传:她爱黏人,遥帝坐朝议事时,她当着文武百官的面坐于他大腿之上撒娇。那一次,他为她半月不上朝。那一回,他为她移平了皇宫的花草树木,种上她心爱的梨花,只为博她一笑。那一年冬天,她惧冷,他便让人猎杀了一百多只珍狐野兽的皮毛做地毯。再后来,她私通叛军,引敌军入城…。《楚仪野史记载》:三十六年,下臣秦云荻率叛军攻入上京,遥帝仓惶出逃,叛军追至,遥帝自缢于南华山。临死前,地上刻着一行字:情之一字最难解,不知从何兴起,却又如此之深。可以生死相许,可以死生与共。若是强问因由,譬如风来风去,冷暖自知又难觅难寻。全天下都以为他爱她,可她不信,等到信了时,却已经太迟了…。
  • 高效不恋爱

    高效不恋爱

    而为了保护他,她......任他一次次伤害自己。
  • Lion's Honey
  • 冷情总裁的小妻子

    冷情总裁的小妻子

    路阳和王逸是无话不谈,从小到大的好朋友,曾经的他们是这样的:在一个寒冷的夜晚,离别前夕,他把她拥在怀里,帮她取暖,那时并没有其他的想法。也没有尴尬,只有温暖围绕着彼此。他们的感情也许是介于友情之上恋人未满的那种,只是时间不对吧。所以才会变成了从最亲密到最熟悉的陌生人。片断:王逸:“你出去几年怎么变得更小了呢,怎么不往性感方向发展啊。”路阳白了他一眼:“我知道你们男人就喜欢那种大波浪胸也大的女人。啧啧。”王逸看着她那嫌弃他的样:“这是常识好不,就像你看到帅哥跟丑男是两种心情是一样的好不,我们男人会这样,你们女人也是一样的,谁也别说谁。”“哼”拽过那个公仔就要走。王逸抓她回来拥抱了下说:“明天一路顺风,要好好的。”可是因为误会,他们成了这样:王逸:“小阳,你怎么变成了这样?你知道这是一个生命吗?你怎么那么恶毒,以前那个坦率、纯真的小阳哪去了?”路阳听到他的质问,心里有什么声音慢慢裂了,可是她还是想解释:“不是这样的,这是个意外,是她自己放掉我的手的。我没有想伤害…”路阳慌乱的解释着。“够了,没想到你现在连敢作敢当的勇气也没了,那我问你,这两个人是怎么回事,你怎么能用下三滥的手段对待一个怀孕的女人。我真是对你太失望了。”他不相信自己,路阳不想解释了,相信的人不用解释都会相信,不相信的人解释也没用。她想,原来感情就是这么脆弱的不堪一击,心碎了要怎么复原?面对亲情的背叛,她觉得人心太复杂。面对爱情,她一步也不让:传说中只会在电视上看到过的场景,竟然狗血的发生在现实中,听说是秦逸枫的老妈,嗯,是挺高贵的。美人一个,可是眼睛长在头顶上了,看自己像看个蝼蚁一般。扔下一张支票,路阳看着后面这么多个零,不由得兴奋起来。哇,她也偶像剧一把。路阳觉得最好的爱情就是,你在闹他在笑,不管你优秀与否,他爱你并纵容着你的一切,在他心中,你就是最优秀的。路阳:“你为什么对我这么好,我什么都没有,也不优秀。”秦逸枫:“我不需要找一个女版的自己,你没有的我都有。喜欢一个人就是喜欢她的全部,优秀的人很多,可是我只对你动心了,所以你在我心中就是最优秀的,做你自己就好了。”对于他们之间的误会,路阳:我相信他,他在我最绝望的时候给了我救赎,我的命也是他救的,所以只要他没亲口说不爱我了,我就不会相信。我对于他不仅仅是爱情,还有感激,我无条件信任他,我相信爱我的人不会伤害我。
  • 龙飞录

    龙飞录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 男主你的滤镜摘一摘

    男主你的滤镜摘一摘

    男女主都是八零后,年代文秦迈十八岁时把赵良雨种在了心里,成了白月光一样的存在。男主自从被女主出手相救后,看到女主都自动加了十厘米滤镜,带粉红泡泡特效。女主命苦心不苦,成长中屡屡因为自立自强遇到了贵人。“我以为我们算不打不相识的朋友!”没想到你竟然想娶我!“算了吧,咱两不合适。”男主家道中落重回巅峰,想要对女主结草衔环的故事,女主表示要钱不要人,男主表示钱和人是捆绑销售的。