登陆注册
5370200000061

第61章

For our next example let us take the great islands of Sumatra and Java. These approach so closely together, and the chain of volcanoes that runs through them gives such an air of unity to the two, that the idea of their having been recently dissevered is immediately suggested. The natives of Java, however, go further than this; for they actually have a tradition of the catastrophe which broke them asunder, and fix its date at not much more than a thousand years ago. It becomes interesting, therefore, to see what support is given to this view by the comparison of their animal productions.

The Mammalia have not been collected with sufficient completeness in both islands to make a general comparison of much value, and so many species have been obtained only as live specimens in captivity, that their locality has often been erroneously given, the island in which they were obtained being substituted for that from which they originally came. Taking into consideration only those whose distribution is more accurately known, we learn that Sumatra is, in a zoological sense, more neatly related to Borneo than it is to Java. The great man-like apes, the elephant, the tapir, and the Malay bear, are all common to the two former countries, while they are absent from the latter. Of the three long-tailed monkeys (Semnopithecus) inhabiting Sumatra, one extends into Borneo, but the two species of Java are both peculiar to it. So also the great Malay deer (Rusa equina), and the small Tragulus kanchil, are common to Sumatra and Borneo, but do not extend into Java, where they are replaced by Tragulas javanicus. The tiger, it is true, is found in Sumatra and Java, but not in Borneo. But as this animal is known to swim well, it may have found its way across the Straits of Sunda, or it may have inhabited Java before it was separated from the mainland, and from some unknown cause have ceased to exist in Borneo.

In Ornithology there is a little uncertainty owing to the birds of Java and Sumatra being much better known than those of Borneo;but the ancient separation of Java as an island is well exhibited by the large number of its species which are not found in any of the other islands. It possesses no less than seven pigeons peculiar to itself, while Sumatra has only one. Of its two parrots one extends into Borneo, but neither into Sumatra. Of the fifteen species of woodpeckers inhabiting Sumatra only four reach Java, while eight of them are found in Borneo and twelve in the Malay peninsula. The two Trogons found in Java are peculiar to it, while of those inhabiting Sumatra at least two extend to Malacca and one to Borneo. There are a very large number of birds, such as the great Argus pheasant, the fire-backed and ocellated pheasants, the crested partridge (Rollulus coronatus), the small Malacca parrot (Psittinus incertus), the great helmeted hornbill (Buceroturus galeatus), the pheasant ground-cuckoo (Carpococcyx radiatus), the rose-crested bee-eater (Nyctiornis amicta), the great gaper (Corydon sumatranus), and the green-crested gaper (Calyptomena viridis), and many others, which are common to Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, but are entirely absent from Java. On the other hand we have the peacock, the green jungle cock, two blue ground thrushes (Arrenga cyanea and Myophonus flavirostris), the fine pink-headed dove (Ptilonopus porphyreus), three broad-tailed ground pigeons (Macropygia), and many other interesting birds, which are found nowhere in the Archipelago out of Java.

Insects furnish us with similar facts wherever sufficient data are to be had, but owing to the abundant collections that have been made in Java, an unfair preponderance may be given to that island. This does not, however, seem to be the case with the true Papilionidae or swallow-tailed butterflies, whose large size and gorgeous colouring has led to their being collected more frequently than other insects. Twenty-seven species are known from Java, twenty-nine from Borneo, and only twenty-one from Sumatra. Four are entirely confined to Java, while only two are peculiar to Borneo and one to Sumatra. The isolation of Java will, however, be best shown by grouping the islands in pairs, and indicating the number of species common to each pair. Thus:--Borneo . . . . . 29 species Sumatra . . . . . 21 do. 20 species common to both islands.

同类推荐
  • 明伦汇编皇极典文质部

    明伦汇编皇极典文质部

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 八关斋经

    八关斋经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 庐陵官下记

    庐陵官下记

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 全真坐钵捷法

    全真坐钵捷法

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 太上三十六尊经

    太上三十六尊经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 惊世奢华_解读满城汉墓

    惊世奢华_解读满城汉墓

    一次极其偶然的发现,却成就了中国考古电上一个石破天惊的事件。位于河北省满城县城西南1.5公里处陵山上的天下第一崖墓满城汉墓,是西汉第一代中山靖王刘胜及其妻子窦绾的陵墓。1968年5月,被解放军北京军区工程兵某部在进行国防施工时偶然发现,后经周恩来总理批示,著名考古学家郭沫若亲临考证发掘而面世。满城汉墓凿山而成,规模宏大,举世罕见,是目前我国发现的规模最宏大、结构最复杂、保存最完整的崖墓。满城汉墓出土文物一万多件,驰名中外的“金缕玉衣”、“长信宫灯”和“朱雀衔环杯”等稀世珍宝曾远赴欧、亚、美洲等三十多个国家和地区展出,轰动海内外,满城也因此被誉为“金缕玉衣”的故乡。本书著者以翔实鲜闻的史录、冷峻精肃的推理和文采飞扬的笔触,不仅为读者讲述了充满神秘离奇色彩的发掘过程,更对满城汉墓的墓室建造特点、出土文物价值及相关历史背景等内容,进行了深刻而独到的分析与研究,从而引导读者走进无比奢华的地下宫殿,去破解深藏岩层中长达21OO多年的历史迷团……
  • 妾本妖娆之绝宠狂妃

    妾本妖娆之绝宠狂妃

    男人征服世界,女人征服男人。特别是在一个男尊的社会,想要站到顶端,自然要征服一个顶尖的男人。21世纪的美女杀手夜媚舞,一着不慎意外身亡。但是上天却让她在异世重生,而且同样赋予了她绝美的容颜。不愿被当作棋子,她毅然放弃荣华富贵。为了报仇,她投身青楼,对着那些恶心的男人巧笑嫣然,只为一朝能把肆意指染她人生的家伙踩在脚底。初次相见,她妖娆动人,一舞成名。而他,身负重伤,奄奄一息。再次见面,她吐气如兰,千娇百媚。而他,坐怀不乱,捶胸顿足。(是的,没错。)三次见面,她绝世而立,冷若冰霜。而他,怦然心动,再难相忘。~【片段一】你欠我一条命!“你为什么救我?”男子看着夜媚舞机警的问。“哪有这么多为什么?看你帅呗。”夜媚舞白了他一眼,继续手上的动作。“说吧,你想要什么?”男子嘴角疼的扯了一下。“我要是说没打算要什么呢?”夜媚舞一只手撑着头无力的回答。“我不想欠别人什么。”男子眼神空洞的看着前方,目无表情的说着。“记住,你欠我一条命!”【片段二】你是不是不行啊?“你对我做了什么?”夜媚舞紧紧拉住被子将自己裹住。“什么都没做。”某男瞥了她一眼淡淡的回答。“你真的什么都没做?”夜媚舞偷偷的松开被子,看着被子下的自己。“没有。”某男又白了她一眼。“你,你是不是不行啊?”【片段三】孩子我养得起。“王爷,若琳小姐说怀了您的孩子。”在书桌前写字的男子头也不抬的说,“告诉王妃,让她去处理。”“王妃,若琳小姐说怀了王爷的孩子。王爷说让您处理”小斯浑身冷汗的等待下文。靠在软塌上夜媚舞美眸微挑,朱唇轻勾,慵懒的打了个哈欠,“让她先住西苑吧。”“是。”小斯松了一口气,准备离去。“等孩子生下来抱来给我,若琳封为通房丫头,马上赐死。”似是不介意的说出这句话,然后妩媚一笑,“孩子我养得起。”女主有恩必还,有仇必报,爱恨分明。男主独立强大,爱妻成狂。本文1V1,时有纯情男配,偶有渣男渣女。望各位亲支持。
  • 是喜欢亦是伤

    是喜欢亦是伤

    宁苏洛和许单遇见是偶然亦是缘,认识她后,知女孩心里一直住着一个人;许单懂,他不能阻止别人的出现,自然也不能左右她的情感。宁苏洛对他没有过多了解,一次次相遇,看似偶然,却有了不一样的感觉。才明白他的存在其实是一次新的开始……
  • 两个地主(屠格涅夫中短篇小说选)

    两个地主(屠格涅夫中短篇小说选)

    屠格涅夫的抒情笔调前无古人,后无来者。他总能在讲故事的时候,恰到好处地掺杂进抒情,使得文章充满浓郁的生活气息,有自然之美。屠格涅夫的小说语言纯净、优美,结构简洁、严密,他的文笔甚至影响到后来俄罗斯语言的规范化。鲁迅就曾不止一次向中国青年推荐屠格涅夫,称他是真正的俄罗斯语言大师。
  • 婚姻是这样炼成的

    婚姻是这样炼成的

    关于婚姻的话题永远是说不完的,近来读庸人的《婚姻是这样炼成的》,竟发觉作者提出了一个崭新的婚姻观念,即重塑婚姻。庸人在小说里提出了一个大胆的命题:人的第一次婚姻都是盲目的!与我们的真正的婚姻需求相差甚远,所以在婚姻生活中寻找另一半,并非大逆不道的事。
  • 美国常青藤盟校的录取标准:卓越,从这里开始

    美国常青藤盟校的录取标准:卓越,从这里开始

    本书从常青藤盟校所具备的精神和气质出发,从培养青少年的品质切入,从理想、志向、习惯、性格、情商等方面着手,引导青少年从平凡走向卓越。
  • 九幽战尊

    九幽战尊

    百花发时我不发,我若发时都吓杀。要与西风战一场,遍身穿就黄金甲。
  • 中国当代文学经典必读:2013短篇小说卷

    中国当代文学经典必读:2013短篇小说卷

    本书收录了2013短篇系列。文学的经典化过程,既是一个历史化的过程,又更是一个当代化的过程。文学的经典化时时刻刻都在进行着,它需要当代人的积极参与和实践。文学的经典不是由某一个“权威”命名的,而是由一个时代所有的阅读者共同命名的。
  • 你为什么不富裕

    你为什么不富裕

    成功就要有目标,其他的一切都是为了证明这句话。所以说想要获得成功,就必须有个目标,一个没有目标的人,是不会知道自己想要的人生是什么样子的!你希望五年后、十年后的自己是什么样子,就应该为那个时候的你设定相应的目标。
  • 不死魔修

    不死魔修

    【2018火热玄幻连载】万年前,石峰纵横九天十地,剑下从未沾过一个无辜之人的血,却被人陷害,坠入魔道,人人喊杀。万年后,石峰一道魔念重生,以魔噬魔,魔主天下!“既然你们说我是魔,我石峰从此立誓入魔,神挡杀神,佛挡杀佛!”