登陆注册
5376900000026

第26章 THE SYNDICALIST REVOLT(7)

Numerous strikes have been conducted or encouraged by the I.W.W.and the Western Federation of Miners.These strikes illustrate the class- war in a more bitter and extreme form than is to be found in any other part of the world.Both sides are always ready to resort to violence.The employers have armies of their own and are able to call upon the Militia and even, in a crisis, upon the United States Army.What French Syndicalists say about the State as a capitalist institution is peculiarly true in America.In consequence of the scandals thus arising, the Federal Government appointed a Commission on Industrial Relations, whose Report, issued in 1915, reveals a state of affairs such as it would be difficult to imagine in Great Britain.The report states that ``the greatest disorders and most of the outbreaks of violence in connection with industrial `disputes arise from the violation of what are considered to be fundamental rights, and from the perversion or subversion of governmental institutions'' (p.146).It mentions, among such perversions,the subservience of the judiciary to the mili- tary authorities,[33] the fact that during a labor dispute the life and liberty of every man within the State would seem to be at the mercy of the Governor (p.72), and the use of State troops in policing strikes (p.298).At Ludlow (Colorado) in 1914 (April 20) a battle of the militia and the miners took place, in which, as the result of the fire of the militia, a number of women and children were burned to death.[34] Many other instances of pitched battles could be given, but enough has been said to show the peculiar character of labor disputes in the United States.It may, I fear, be presumed that this character will remain so long as a very large proportion of labor consists of recent immigrants.When these difficulties pass away, as they must sooner or later, labor will more and more find its place in the community, and will tend to feel and inspire less of the bitter hostility which renders the more extreme forms of class war possible.Whenthat time comes, the labor movement in America will probably begin to take on forms similar to those of Europe.

[33] Although uniformly held that the writ of habeas corpus can only be suspended by the legislature, in these labor disturbances the executive has in fact suspended or disregarded the writ....In cases arising from labor agitations, the judiciary has uniformly upheld the power exercised by the military, and in no case has there been any protest against the use of such power or any attempt to curtail it, except in Montana, where the conviction of a civilian by military commission was annulled'' (``Final Report of the Commission on Industrial Relations'' (1915) appointed by the United States Congress,'' p.58).

[34] Literary Digest, May 2 and May 16, 1914.

Meanwhile, though the forms are different, the aims are very similar, and industrial unionism, spreading from America, has had a considerable influence in Great Britain--an influence naturally reinforced by that of French Syndicalism.It is clear, I think, that the adoption of industrial rather than craft unionism is absolutely necessary if Trade Unionism is to succeed in playing that part in altering the economic structure of society which its advocates claim for it rather than for the political parties.Industrial unionism organizes men, as craft unionism does not, inaccordance with the enemy whom they have to fight.English unionism is still very far removed from the industrial form, though certain industries, especially the railway men, have gone very far in this direction, and it is notable that the railway men are peculiarly sympathetic to Syndicalism and industrial unionism.

Pure Syndicalism, however, is not very likely to achieve wide popularity in Great Britain.Its spirit is too revolutionary and anarchistic for our temperament.It is in the modified form of Guild Socialism that the ideas derived from the C.G.T.and the I.W.W.are tending to bear fruit.[35] This movement is as yet in its infancy and has no great hold upon the rank and file, but it is being ably advocated by a group of young men, and is rapidly gaining ground among those who will form Labor opinion in years to come.The power of the State has been so much increased during the war that those who naturally dislike things as they are, find it more and more difficult to believe that State omnipotence can be the road to the millennium.Guild Socialists aim at autonomy in industry, with consequent curtailment, but not abolition, of the power of the State.The system which they advocate is, I believe, the best hitherto proposed, and the one most likely to secure liberty without the constant appeals to violence which are to be feared under a purely Anarchist regime.

同类推荐
  • 洛中春末送杜录事赴

    洛中春末送杜录事赴

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 元始八威龙文经

    元始八威龙文经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 牛羊日历

    牛羊日历

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 古今注

    古今注

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 强国

    强国

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 佛道中魔

    佛道中魔

    一个同时具有人族和魔族血统的罪子,为了在这片人魔互不两立的大陆艰难的生存下去,需要经受什么样的考验?这人言可畏的世道,善恶对错究竟要怎样去分别?最终,人们会发现,这世界!不讲对错,只管输赢!我若为魔,佛奈我何!我若成佛,天下无魔!
  • 菩提塲庄严陀罗尼经

    菩提塲庄严陀罗尼经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 秘方(中国好小说)

    秘方(中国好小说)

    马其林是一个平凡普通的小市民,和妻子在协和医院门口卖点日杂用品过日子,虽不大富大贵,却也过得安逸。一个偶然的机会他们救济了一个农村来的小媳妇,小媳妇给了他们一个据说是能治血液病的药方。这个药方让马其林平静的内心起了波澜,他用这个药方鬼使神差的治好了一个老人的疑病血症,而这个药方同样也没能挽救一个将全部希望寄托于他的女孩子的病。但在利益的驱使下,在外界越传越神不明真相的情形下,他决定利用这个药方到广西办厂,去赚更多的钱。最终他的药方没能救活他战友的病,也治不了身患癌症的自己的病。在生命垂危之际,回想他自从有了这个药方后经历有传奇式的浮虚的生活,他若有所悟,带着这个药方永远离开了人世。
  • 雾沙岛除魔学院之冥恋

    雾沙岛除魔学院之冥恋

    天才少女被迫塞进歌旧学院,第一天就开始翘课,误打误撞发现了歌旧学院的秘密,也因为如此,开启了不一样的人生。
  • 霏雪录

    霏雪录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 悲惨世界(全集)

    悲惨世界(全集)

    《悲惨世界》作为人类苦难的“百科全书”,是一部气势宏伟的鸿篇巨制,它以无与伦比的厚重与深沉,在世界文学史上占有特殊的地位,是一座永立的丰碑。雨果用高超的艺术手法,以崇高的人道主义精神,满怀激情地讲述了冉阿让坎坷的一生。冉阿让和他周围的普通人芳汀、珂赛特、马吕斯、伽弗洛什等,同不公正的黑暗社会进行了可歌可泣的斗争,许多场景催人泪下,还有很多场面催人奋进。雨果的大手笔准确地描述了滑铁卢战役、巴黎大起义,酷烈的场面足以感泣鬼神。雨果还熟练地运用了大悬念笔法,伏线千里,在富有戏剧性的情节中,将历史大事件以及小人物的悲惨命运有机地联系起来。
  • 蛇皇

    蛇皇

    徐浩林是一个门派中的小弟子,他的愿望很简单,不过就是下午睡个觉觉,晚上睡个觉觉,早晨醒来再睡个觉觉而已。直到有一天,一个可以变为强者的机会,落在了这个懒货的面前……
  • 大楚昭阳

    大楚昭阳

    一场突如其来的宫变让幸福快乐的她一夕间家破人亡,为寻找真相逃离京城却发现身中蛊毒。到底谁是宫乱的真正凶手,又是谁要致自己于死地?就在走投无路之际,一场人为天火让她阴差阳错成为另一个少女,重新踏上回京之路……
  • LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI

    LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 爆发输出

    爆发输出

    大学城出现"生化危机"末世?不!是尸界入侵!面对体型巨大的尸侍,郭晓涛挺身而出,想要保护室友。竟然被好友觉醒获得强大的能力!倍化输出,血魂之力!战尸侍,斩魔人。最终成为最强骑士!郭晓涛:"我是郭晓涛,我们一人打对方一拳,顶不住的算输,我先来。"当拳头挥出去的时候乘以100倍的攻击力会如何?当一颗普通的子弹发射出去时乘以100倍的威力会如何?郭晓涛尝试着不让自己的拳头废掉来保护这个世界。所以他用了拖把………