登陆注册
4699400000255

第255章

THE CHURCH IN IRELAND DURING THE REIGNS OFHENRY VIII. AND EDWARD VI. (1509-1553)

See bibliography, chap. vii. /Annals of the F. M./ (ed.

O'Donovan), 7 vols., 1851. /Annals of Loch Cé/ (ed. Hennessy), 2vols., 1871. Theiner, /Monumenta Scotorum/, etc. (/ut supra/).

Moran, /Spicilegium Ossoriense/, 3 vols., 1874-85. Publications of Catholic Record Society of Ireland, /Archivium Hibernicum/, 3vols., 1912-14. /De Annatis Hiberniae/, vol. i. (Ulster), 1912.

/State Papers/, 11 vols., 1832-51 (vols. ii., iii., /Correspondence between the Governments of England and Ireland/, 1515-46). Brewer and Gairdner, /Calendar of Letters and Papers ...

of Reign of Henry VIII./, 13 vols., 1862-92. /Calendar of State Papers, Ireland/, vol. i. (1509-1573). /Calendar of State Papers/(Carew), 1 vol., 1515-1574. Morrin, /Calendar of Patent Rolls/(Ireland), 1 vol., 1861 (Hen. VIII., Ed. VI., Mary, Elizabeth).

Shirley, /Original Letters and Papers in Illustration of the History of the Church of Ireland during the Reigns of Ed. VI., Mary and Elizabeth/, 1851. /Holinshead's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland/, 6 vols., 1807 (/Chronicle of Ireland/, by Holinshead; Stanyhurst, 1509-47; John Hooker, 1547-86). D'Alton, /History of Ireland/, vol. i., 1903. Bagwell, /Ireland under the Tudors/, 3 vols., 1885-90. Bonn, /Die Englische Kolonisation in Irland/, 2 Bd., 1896. Bellesheim, op. cit. Brenan, /An Ecclesiastical History of Ireland/, 1864. Mant, /History of the Church of Ireland/, 2 vols., 1840. Killen, /The Ecclesiastical History of Ireland/, 2 vols., 1875. Cox, /Hibernia Anglicana/, etc., 1689. /Hibernia Pacata/ (ed. O'Grady, 2 vols., 1896). Ware's /Works/ (ed. Harris, 1764). /Harleian Miscellany/, 10 vols., 1808-13. Moran, /History of the Catholic Archbishops of Dublin since the Reformation/, 1 vol., 1864. Renehan-McCarthy, /Collections on Irish Church History/, vol. i. (Archbishops), 1861. Brady, /Episcopal Success in England, Scotland, Ireland/, 3 vols., 1876.

When Henry VIII. ascended the English throne, though he styled himself the Lord of Ireland, he could claim little authority in the country.

The neglect of his predecessors, the quarrels between the English colonists, especially between the Geraldines and the Butlers, and the anxiety of both parties to ally themselves with the Irish princes, had prevented the permanent conquest of the country. Outside the very limited area of the Pale English sheriffs or judges dare not appear to administer English law; no taxes were paid to the crown; no levies of troops could be raised, and the colonists could only hope for comparative peace by paying an annual tribute to the most powerful of their Irish neighbours. The barony of Lecale in Down paid ā40 a year to O'Neill of Clandeboy, Louth paid a similar sum to O'Neill of Tyrone, Meath paid ā300 a year to O'Connor of Offaly, Kildare ā20 to O'Connor, Wexford ā40 to the McMurroughs, Kilkenny and Tipperary ā40to O'Carroll of Ely, Limerick city and county ā80 to the O'Briens, Cork ā40 to the McCarthys, and so low had the government fallen that it consented to pay eighty marks yearly from the royal treasury to McMurrough.[1]

During the early years of his reign Henry VIII. was so deeply interested in his schemes for subduing France and in continental affairs generally that he could give little attention to his dominions in Ireland. Sometimes the Earl of Kildare was superseded by the appointment of the Earl of Surrey (1520), and of Sir Piers Butler, the claimant to the Earldom of Ormond (1521), and of Sir William Skeffington (1529), but as a general rule Kildare, whether as Deputy or as a private citizen, succeeded in dictating the policy of the government. By his matrimonial alliances with the Irish chieftains, the O'Neills, the MacCarthys, O'Carroll of Ely, and O'Connor of Offaly, his bargains with many of the other Irish and Anglo-Irish nobles, and by his well-known prowess in the field, he had succeeded in making himself much more powerful in Ireland than the English sovereign. But his very success had raised up against him a host of enemies, led by his old rival the Earl of Ormond, and supported by a large body of ecclesiastics, including Allen, the Archbishop of Dublin, and of lay nobles. Various charges against him were forwarded to England, and in 1534 he was summoned to London to answer for his conduct. Before setting out on his last journey to London he appointed his son, Lord Thomas Fitzgerald (Silken Thomas), then a youth of twenty-one, to take charge of the government. The latter had neither the wisdom nor the experience of his father. Rumours of his father's execution, spread by the enemies of the Geraldines, having reached his ears, despite the earnest entreaties of Archbishop Cromer of Armagh, he resigned the sword of state, and called upon his retainers to avenge the death of the Earl of Kildare (1534).

The rebellion of Silken Thomas forced Henry VIII. to undertake a determined campaign for the conquest of Ireland. His hopes of winning glory and territory in France had long since disappeared. He was about to break completely with Rome, and there was some reason to fear that Charles V. might make a descent upon the English coasts with or without the aid of the King of France. Were an invasion from the Continent undertaken before the conquest of Ireland had been finished it might result in the complete separation of that kingdom from England, and its transference to some foreign power. It was well known that some of the Irish princes were in close correspondence with France and Scotland, that Silken Thomas was hoping for the assistance of the Emperor, and that once England had separated herself definitely from the Holy See, many of the Irish and Anglo-Irish nobles might be induced to make common cause with the Pope against a heretical king.

同类推荐
  • 安乐集

    安乐集

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • Elements of Political Economy

    Elements of Political Economy

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 太上说酆都拔苦愈乐妙经

    太上说酆都拔苦愈乐妙经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 治浙成规

    治浙成规

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 维摩经略疏

    维摩经略疏

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 无敌诀

    无敌诀

    倘若你尚未站在宇宙的巅峰,那你还不行,不用站在别人面前理所当然地代表正义、代表才能、代表智慧。弱肉强食的世界,你的刀慢,就献出你的咽喉。
  • 少年军团

    少年军团

    李桂花又梆梆梆地擀着面说:“打着亲骂着爱,不打不骂看着外!我只是怨他爷儿俩,都是一根死牛筋!”她还告诉我,前些年,石斌也有出去的机会,可他都把机会让给了别人。村里人知道他有知识有文化,就一直选他当领导,当着领导,他自己也觉得把自己卖给这个村子了。认死理的货,也把村子管不好,上边说什么事情不准搞,他就坚决不让搞;上边说什么事情又可以搞,他立即又说可以了。说着,李桂花竟然嘤嘤地哭了说,因为分地,因为计划生育,石斌还挨过几次打,挨打后他还是那么个硬脾气。“嗨,那么个货,一辈子也就是那么个货了!”李桂花最后总结说。退到院子,我又想,也不能说石斌一点变化都没有,比如,我的朋友被他的儿子抓住,他已经主动想摆平。刘会珍、黄国庆,邢超……我们的那个少年军团,以后都在干什么,石斌和李桂花不知和他们有没有来往?正当我又想询问李桂花时,村道里传来了说话声——石斌带着我的那几个朋友有说有笑地回来了。
  • 一口气读完16本成功学经典

    一口气读完16本成功学经典

    本书囊括了全球最有名成功学大师的成功学理念,浓缩了16本成功哲学的思想精华,通过多位成功学大师多角度的视点,全方位的诠释成功,帮助读者尽可能的最快获得成功,解决生活中面临的重大问题。本书专门为都市现代青年人群打造,最符合上班族快餐式的生活、学习节奏。读一本胜过十本。
  • 我在万界当义工

    我在万界当义工

    因为一次不可描述的机会,三好青年贾优秀来到了各个副世界,却不由得眉头一皱。什么!山本一木要偷袭赵家峪?什么!西西里的那个女人快揭不开锅了?什么!金山找竟然说佛山一个能打的都没有?什么!方胜利被小鬼子包围了?什么!钢锯岭的鬼子还不投降?什么!周卫国的萧雅还没离开南京城?……这一个个世界是怎么了,还有没有亿点温暖了,还有没人管管啊?不行,老夫心太软了!老夫真的看不下去了!常言道,路见不平一声吼哇,风风火火闯万界啊!路见不平,老夫理当拔刀相助呀!动手吧,做好事,不留名!老夫要做万界第一好人,让每一个世界阳光灿烂!
  • 皇明奇事述

    皇明奇事述

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 王后重生了

    王后重生了

    【全文已完结,放心看】云洛雪,代号冷刹,二十一世纪铁血佣兵之王。从来都是爱我所爱,恨我所恨。在一次执行任务时她意外穿越,成为了云家庶出三小姐,自小便被云家弃之在边境小城生活。修炼灵力,王者比试,潜入敌营……当倾世雇佣兵在异世大|陆展露锋芒,她一步一步走向强者之路。当绝世天下的他出现,男强女强,强强对阵。他心狠手辣霸气横溢,她冷酷绝情颜倾天下。她说:“逆我者,杀。犯我者,诛。”风云汇聚,天地变色。凤临九天,绝世天下。(情节虚构,切勿模仿)
  • 小故事大道理

    小故事大道理

    在一本普通的书中,除了我们放进去的东西之外,我们找不到别的什么。但是在一本好书中,心灵能找到存放大量东西的空间。书的内容轻松幽默,而故事的内涵却令人回味无穷。只有精品细读,方能有所收获。此书最适合常备案头,能够使你在茶余饭后,睡前醒来,工作的间隙,休闲的时刻,心情舒畅的瞬间,郁闷烦恼的时候,随手翻阅其中的小故事,相信能给你心旷神怡之感。
  • 一碗大肉面

    一碗大肉面

    本文讲述了主人公的一段青春记忆,游离于主流学院的‘自考’学生,混迹于学校和社会之间。财富美女、兄弟情深,有成功的喜悦、失败的无奈。希望唤醒那一代人的青春记忆!
  • 小尔雅

    小尔雅

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 无情王子

    无情王子

    十几年前的一起谋杀案,改变了慕氏集团的命运。十几年后,命运的阴差阳错,让天宇深陷爱恨情仇的纠缠之中。在爱与恨的抉择中,倍受煎熬,最终在命运的面前,他到底是怎么解决重重困惑,又是以怎样的一种方式来对待爱情的呢?敬请观看《无情王子》。