登陆注册
5199400000024

第24章

That man is born with a desire to obtain happiness,which desire is the primary cause of all his actions,continues through life,and,in popular language,is called self-interest.

That he is also born with the germs of animal propensities,or the desire to sustain,enjoy,and propagate life;and which desires,as they grow and develop themselves,are termed his natural inclinations.

That he is born likewise with faculties which,in their growth,receive,convey,compare,and become conscious of receiving and comparing ideas.

That the ideas so received,conveyed,compared,and understood,constitute human knowledge,or mind,which acquires strength and maturity with the growth of the individual.

That the desire of happiness in man,the germs of his natural inclinations,and the faculties by which he acquires knowledge,are formed unknown to himself in the womb;and whether perfect or imperfect,they are alone the immediate work of the Creator,and over which the infant and future man have no control.

That these inclinations and faculties are not formed exactly alike in any two individuals;hence the diversity of talents,and the varied impressions called liking and disliking which the same external objects make on different persons,and the lesser varieties which exist among men whose characters have been formed apparently under similar circumstances.

That the knowledge which man receives is derived from the objects around him,and chiefly from the example and instruction of his immediate predecessors.

That this knowledge may be limited or extended,erroneous or true;limited,when the individual receives few,and extended when he receives many ideas;erroneous,when those ideas are inconsistent with the facts which exist around him,and true when they are uniformly consistent with them.

That the misery which he experiences,and the happiness which he enjoys,depend on the kind and degree of knowledge which he receives,and on that which is possessed by those around him.

That when the knowledge which he receives is true and unmixed with error,although it be limited,if the community in which he lives possesses the same kind and degree of knowledge,he will enjoy happiness in proportion to the extent of that knowledge.On the contrary,when the opinions which he receives are erroneous,and the opinions possessed by the community in which he resides are equally erroneous,his misery will be in proportion to the extent of those erroneous opinions.

That when the knowledge which man receives shall be extended to its utmost limit,and true without any mixture of error,then he may and will enjoy all the happiness of which his nature will be capable.

That it consequently becomes of the first and highest importance that man should be taught to distinguish truth from error.

That man has no other means of discovering what is false,except by his faculty of reason,or the power of acquiring and comparing the ideas which he receives.

That when this faculty is properly cultivated or trained from infancy,and the child is rationally instructed to retain no impressions or ideas which by his powers of comparing them appear to be inconsistent,then the individual will acquire real knowledge,or those ideas only which will leave an impression of their consistency or truth on all minds which have not been rendered irrational by an opposite procedure.

That the reasoning faculty may be injured and destroyed during its growth,by reiterated impressions being made upon it of notions not derived from realities,and which it therefore cannot compare with the ideas previously received from the objects around it.And when the mind receives these notions which it cannot comprehend,along with those ideas which it is conscious are true and which yet are inconsistent with such notions,then the reasoning faculties become injured,the individual is taught or forced to believe,and not to think or reason,and partial insanity or defective powers of judging ensue.

That all men are thus erroneously trained at present,and hence the inconsistencies and misery of the world.

That the fundamental errors now impressed from infancy on the minds of all men,and from whence all their other errors proceed,are,that they form their own individual characters,and possess merit or demerit for the peculiar notions impressed on the mind during its early growth,before they have acquired strength and experience to judge of or resist the impression of those notions or opinions,which,on investigation,appear contradictions to facts existing around them,and which are therefore false.

That these false notions have ever produced evil and misery in the world;and that they still disseminate them in every direction.

That the sole cause of their existence hitherto has been man's ignorance of human nature:while their consequences have been all the evil and misery,except those of accidents,disease,and death,with which man has been and is afflicted:and that the evil and misery which arise from accidents,disease,and death,are also greatly increased and extended by man's ignorance of himself.

That,in proportion as man's desire of self-happiness,or his self-love,is directed by true knowledge,those actions will abound which are virtuous and beneficial to man;that in proportion as it is influenced by false notions,or the absence of true knowledge,those actions will prevail which generate crimes,from whence arises an endless variety of misery.and,consequently,that every rational means should be now adopted to detect error,and to increase true knowledge among men.

That when these truths are made evident,every individual will necessarily endeavour to promote the happiness of every other individual within his sphere of action;because he must clearly,and without any doubt,comprehend such conduct to be the essence of self-interest,or the true cause of self-happiness.

同类推荐
  • 词学集成

    词学集成

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 佛说师子奋迅菩萨所问经

    佛说师子奋迅菩萨所问经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • The Merry Men

    The Merry Men

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 文殊师利菩萨问菩提经论

    文殊师利菩萨问菩提经论

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 金箓午朝仪

    金箓午朝仪

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 世界第一的假面殿下

    世界第一的假面殿下

    弗尔德伦是全宿制贵族高校,并且超级看重学习成绩,在这所清洁、严谨、富有学术精神的学校里,学生被划分成六个不同的袖章等级,分别从白色、黄色、绿色,一直到蓝色、红色、黑色。白色的成绩是较差的,相当于初学者,恍如一片空白的白纸;黄色和绿色是稍显一般的成绩,蓝色以上都是成绩偏好的。而黑色,在全校总共也只有十个人,唯有成绩到达全校前十名的人才可以拥有黑色的袖章。在学校里,每个人都非常努力认真,用自己的汗水和勤奋争取着袖标颜色的晋级。温柔善良的女孩夏以然和哥哥夏洛茗都参加了入学测试,以然原本以为哥哥很笨,但是当成绩下来,夏洛茗拿了蓝色袖章,她只得了白色袖章的时候,她才发现其实两个人的差距,一直都很大……
  • 周易参同契

    周易参同契

    在汉代出现了一部对后世影响极大的奇书,这部书虽然在当时默默流传,世人很难理解它的奥秘;但唐代后名声大振,宋代时被称为“万古丹经王”、“丹经之祖”、“丹中王”,可谓古今炼丹第一书。
  • 邪王无限宠:大牌狐妃太狂野

    邪王无限宠:大牌狐妃太狂野

    当剽悍阴阳师狗血穿成白痴小狐妖,叶紫夕淡定一笑,她一双阴阳鬼眼定人生死,魔武双修,上有妖孽师父,下有腹黑萌宝,极品妖兽在手,纵横三界,唯我独尊。第一次大战,她误闯禁地解开封印,妖孽邪王破冰而出,强吻她,挑衅她,更是对她展开霸道追逐。他说:“我说一,你不能说二。”某女撇嘴:“那我说三便是!”他说:“你宫中美男太多,统统送我宫里来。”某女不屑:“我正好选一批新的。”他说:“六宫尽废,明日封你为后。”某女狂傲一笑:“想娶我,先追吧,就怕你没这本事了!”【女强爽文,爆笑萌宠】
  • 花千骨(下)

    花千骨(下)

    她是世间最后一个神,也是百年难得一见的天煞孤星。由于身上有着易招引鬼怪的特殊气味,所以自小便被妖魔缠身。出生时,满城鲜花尽数凋零,故取名花千骨。性格天真,敢爱敢恨。原本心无杂念的她,自从在群仙宴上初遇白子画时,便注定了她此生为他沉沦……一百零一剑、八十一根销魂钉、十六年的囚禁……她依然固执的不肯放弃。然而,当白子画削去那块绝情池水所留下的伤疤时,当逼着白子画在天下苍生和自己之间选择之一,白子画最终选择了天下苍生,而忍痛将轩辕剑刺向她时,她终于绝望了,对他下了一道神的诅咒:“白子画,我以神的名义诅咒你,今生今世,永生永世,不老不死,不伤不灭!”
  • 八月飞雪

    八月飞雪

    一片戈壁,原本没有人,因地下发现了石油,来了许多人。许多人,都在做一件事,让地下的石油,跑到地上来,再跑到各地去,跑到各种机器里。石油没有腿,不会自己跑。要让它跑,离不开人。于是,一大群人,围绕着石油,干起了不同的活。有钻井的,有采油的,有运油的,还有炼油的。这件事,从一开始做,做到了现在,做了半个多世纪。第一代人,做到了老,做不动了,退了休,轮到第二代。第二代干到了这会儿,也不小了,差不多也都是五十岁上下了。眼下,主要干活的,已经是第三代了。第三代人,不但长大了,各种油田的工作,已经主要是他们在干。自然一些故事的主角,也就成了他们。
  • 关于我穿越成为萝莉这件事

    关于我穿越成为萝莉这件事

    我,落小夏,不知道怎么回事,竟然在不同世界穿越!还有个超级萌的妹妹和傲娇的系统!这是怎么回事?!
  • 丛林里的围墙

    丛林里的围墙

    首领的故事,就要开始了。我和小柯去了市郊,那个“制造厂”已经拆完了,只剩下一片倒塌的墙。我俩在墙上坐下。坐着坐着夕阳就红了,把断墙也染红了,小柯的脸也格外红。那是一大片红红的草莓啊。时间把一些事情留在了昨天,也把一些事情带到了今天。那个烟斗,应该送还给10年以后,和10年以后的他。这是“时间”确定好的,我们无法修改。我说不好在公共汽车上,那是我和首领的第一次见面还是最后一次见面。
  • 快穿王者:女孩,别太狂

    快穿王者:女孩,别太狂

    【不一样的王者荣耀】【女主可傻可攻可带飞】一夜醒来,来到了一个版本不一样的王者荣耀 。 王者世界里,美男无处不在,高冷小守约,邪魅小韩信,腹黑诸葛亮,还有一坑货小系统,每天表示,早上起床,怀里有一个小奶狗,晚上摇身一变,成为万年大总攻,嘤嘤嘤,美男,求放过。
  • 都市之极品仙官

    都市之极品仙官

    新书《我能横推一切》已经发布,欢迎书友们前往观看。当手握通往地仙界以及仙界的天门之后,江山咸鱼翻身,惊动世间。管你什么仙佛神魔,想要上天得先问过我。好处不拿到手软,一个也比想离开,就是这么霸道。
  • 冷面王爷的邪魅宠妃

    冷面王爷的邪魅宠妃

    ——如果当年,没有那一场邂逅,是不是就不会遇见他,不会遇见那个可能会改变我人生轨迹的人。但是倘若没有碰到他,是不是我只会过的那么平凡,按部就班的生活?——当年的那一场偶遇。是巧合,还是缘分?带给我的是惊喜,还是既定的命运?天下和她,孰轻孰重?在离别的那一刻,才已知晓,却为时晚矣。情,不知所起,而一往情深;爱,不知所依,而至死不渝。犹如空气在周围,不知不觉地缓缓流动,等到注意时,才发现这种感觉已经割舍不去,是诚实面对自己的心,还是违背?那一道道的枷锁,被禁锢的到底是心还是人的权欲?