登陆注册
5210200000049

第49章

Still, the two revolutions, that of the Sixteenth Century and that of 1848-50, are, in spite of all analogies, materially different from each other.The revolution of 1848 bespeaks, if not the progress of Germany, the progress of Europe.

Who profited by the revolution of 1525? The princes.Who profited by the revolution of 1848? The big princes, Austria and Prussia.Behind the princes of 1525 there stood the lower middle-class of the cities, held chained by means of taxation.Behind the big provinces of 1850, there stood the modern big bourgeoisie, quickly subjugating them by means of the State debt.Behind the big bourgeoisie stand the proletarians.

The revolution of 1525 was a local German affair.The English, French, Bohemians and Hungarians had already gone through their peasant wars when the Germans began theirs.If Germany was decentralised, Europe was so to a much greater extent.The revolution of 1848 was not a local German affair, it was one phase of a great European movement.The moving forces throughout the period of its duration were not confined to the narrow limits of one individual country, not even to the limits of one-quarter of the globe.In fact, the countries which were the arena of the revolution were least active in producing it.They were more or less unconscious raw materials without will of their own.They were moulded in the course of movement in which the entire world participated, a movement which under existing social conditions may appear to us as an alien power, but which, in the end, is nothing but our own.This is why the revolution of 1848-50could not end in the way that the revolution of 1525 ended.

THE END

The Twelve Articles of the PeasantsTHE TWELVE ARTICLES OF THE PEASANTS T he fundamental and correct chief articles of all the peasants and of those subject to ecclesiastical lords, relating to these matters in which they feel themselves aggrieved.

M cccc, quadratum, Ix et duplicatum V cum transit, christiana secta peribit.

Peace to the Christian Reader and the Grace of God through Christ.

There are many evil writings put forth of late which take occasion, on account of the assembling of the peasants, to cast scorn upon the gospel, saying: Is this the fruit of the new teaching, that no one should obey but all should everywhere rise in revolt and rush together to reform or perhaps destroy altogether the authorities, both ecclesiastic and lay?

The articles below shall answer these godless and criminal fault-finders, and serve in the first place to remove the reproach from the word of God, and in the second place to give a Christian excuse for the disobedience or even the revolt of the entire Peasantry.In the first place the Gospel is not the cause of revolt and disorder, since it is the message of Christ, the promised Messiah, the Word of Life, teaching only love, peace, patience and concord.Thus, all who believe in Christ should learn to be loving, peaceful, long-suffering and harmonious.This is the foundation of all the articles of the peasants (as Will be seen) who accept the Gospel and live according to it.How then can the evil reports declare the Gospel to be a cause of revolt and disobedience? That the authors of the evil reports and the enemies of the Gospel oppose themselves to these demands is due, not to the Gospel, but to the Devil, the worst enemy of the Gospel, who causes this opposition by raising doubts in the minds of his followers, and thus the word of God, which teaches love, peace and concord, is overcome.

In the second place, it is clear that the peasants demand that this Gospel be taught them as a guide in life and they ought not to be called disobedient or disorderly.Whether God grant the peasants (earnestly wishing to live according to His word) their requests or no, who shall find fault with the will of the Most High? Who shall meddle in His judgments or oppose his majesty? Did be not hear the children of Israel when they called upon Him and saved them out of the hands of Pharaoh? Can He not save His own to-day? Yes, He will save them and that speedily.Therefore, Christian reader, read the following articles with care and then judge.Here follow the articles:

The First Article.-- First, it is our humble petition and desire, as also our will and resolution, that in the future we should have power and authority so that each community should choose and appoint a pastor, and that we should have the right to depose him should he conduct himself improperly.The pastor thus chosen should teach us the Gospel pure and simple, without any addition, doctrine or ordinance of man.For to teach us continually the true faith will lead us to pray God that through His grace this faith may increase within us and become part of us.For if His grace work not within us we remain flesh and blood, which availeth nothing; since the Scripture clearly teaches that only through true faith can we come to God.Only through His mercy can we become holy.Hence such a guide and pastor is necessary and in this fashion grounded upon the Scriptures.

The Second Article.-- According as the just tithe is established by the Old Testament and fulfilled in the New, we are ready and willing to pay the fair tithe of grain.The word of God plainly provided that in giving according to right to God and distributing to His people the services of a pastor are required.We will that, for the future, our church provost, whomsoever the community may appoint, shall gather and receive this tithe.

同类推荐
热门推荐
  • 人间词话

    人间词话

    《人间词话》是著名国学大师王国维所著的一部文学批评著作。接受了西洋美学思想之洗礼后,以崭新的眼光对中国旧文学所作的评论。表面上看,《人间词话》与中国相袭已久之诗话、词话一类作品之体例,格式,并无显著的差别,实际上,它已初具理论体系,在旧日诗词论著中,称得上一部屈指可数的作品。甚至在以往词论界里,许多人把它奉为圭臬,把它的论点作为词学,美学的根据,影响很是深远。王国维的《人间词话》是晚清以来最有影响的著作之一。
  • 全异时代

    全异时代

    尽管进入了二十一世纪,但那些你想象不到的,仍然存在。
  • 在我的小说里当主角

    在我的小说里当主角

    网络“白金作家”秦风,魂穿到自己正在网上连载的小说——《武侠》中的悲情男配角秦封身上,并且,他还得到了可以交易万物的穿越福利“大时间系统”!就在秦风憧憬着自己的“异界之旅”时,却是愕然发现,自己前世所写的这个《武侠》世界,貌似......有点儿跑偏了啊?你见过武侠世界中有妖物横行吗?你见过武侠世界中有高逾崇山的巨型生物吗?你见过武侠世界中有一剑斩灭万千生灵的绝世剑术吗?你见过武侠世界中有活过了无尽岁月的不死生命吗?你见过武侠世界中有可以一念间操纵整个世界、所有生命的“世界之主”吗?你见过在武侠世界中还有凌驾于“世界之主”之上的无敌存在吗?............
  • 城里的月光

    城里的月光

    搬进城里之前,齐山东是寻芳村四大户之一。成为四大户之一的原因是齐山东是退休铁路职工,他的妻子秦素芳是卸了任的村妇女主任,三个孩子——女儿在教育厅工作,大儿子在省城经商,小儿子顶他的班做了铁路职工。女婿在商场做办公室主任,大儿子未婚,小儿媳妇在自行车厂上班。小儿媳妇虽说是个普通工人,但是月月拿工资,比村里那些没有固定工作,四处打零工的妇女不知道强多少倍。
  • 晋颜血

    晋颜血

    搬铅运汞修性命,满船载宝过漕溪形意通天打万界,地下海潮天上月这是战后的废土,也是希望的家园,这是污染的天地,也是黎明的前夜,一双拳,一杆枪,漫漫长路任我闯,自完足,不假外,逍遥彼岸只身渡!自小练拳修道,一朝灿若夏花,身穿千年,回首望,归无路,万里仙途始于足!天地如若囹圄,形意拳枪无双,生杀并发,夺造化,觅长生,一蓑烟雨谁相迎?新书《形意通天》发布,求收藏推荐,多谢支持,边上有直通车前往,谢谢~~
  • 吕氏春秋全鉴

    吕氏春秋全鉴

    本书是先秦的一部重要典籍,杂家的代表作之一。全书分为十二纪、八览、六论三个部分,共计一百六十篇文章,其内容融合了儒、道、墨、法、兵、农、纵横、阴阳等各家思想,是研究先秦文化极其珍贵的资料。本书萃取了整本书最精彩的篇章,在原典下加注释和译文,力求以全新的解读方式和通俗易懂的语言去接近《吕氏春秋》,以便于您更好地品读国学精萃,感知先贤智慧。
  • 等得起的好时光

    等得起的好时光

    在创作人生篇章的过程中,能让我们变得温暖、放松,涌现前进灵感的,恰是那些有意或无意的停顿时光。本书精心收集了一些“等得起的好时光”,它们或是一个女儿给母亲的一次爱的陪伴,或是一段不计回报的爱情付出,或是一次放下纠葛的长途旅行,或是一种希望渺茫下的最后坚持……正是这些小温暖与小希望,记录了我们人生。它们不值一提,却又无可代替,犹如一首首恬静的小诗,每个句子都那么温柔,每个标点都那么珍贵……
  • 无限位面里的穿梭者

    无限位面里的穿梭者

    这一日夜晚A市某个出租屋里灯光仍然亮着,而萧寒躺在床上心里却极为不平静。
  • 修真秘录

    修真秘录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 狂后倾天下

    狂后倾天下

    他是被罢黜到八荒之地的王,无权,无势,终生不得回京,但谁又能知他手握精锐雄兵,一朝崛起,八方震惊。她是被毁家灭国的落难公主,有才,有貌,手无寸铁之力,但谁又能知她精于文韬武略,锋芒初绽,天下侧目。世人皆道他冷酷,无情,却不知他最为情深,爱她之心始终如一。世人皆道她铁血,疏狂,却不知她最为重情,恩义情仇历历分明。他说:“她是天上的鹰,谁也不能阻断她展翅飞翔,哪怕是我。”她说:“我不会做那笼中的雀,但我可以与他并肩站在城楼之巅,一同傲视天下。”一朝穿越,险葬虎口,英雄救美,强强相遇。似乎很完美的开始。可事实上……【精彩小剧场】1.风雪交加夜,本是好眠时。红烛高照,英俊的男人一身狼狈,俊颜怒火高炽:“我是个正常的男人!”她从容起身,淡淡而视:“这个问题不需要我来验证。”他愤然立起:“你是个正常的女人!”她走到案边拿起军报,着墨:“这个问题也不需要你来验证。”他双手撑案,气息迫人:“你我婚约在前,你没有理由踢我下床。”“陛下,动气伤身。帐外风雪正疾,陛下若是内火太盛,不如出去享受片刻清凉,以免长夜难眠,自己受累。”2.深秋露重,人人加衣。凉风飕飕的院子里,男人只着单薄纱衣,凤眼含春:“你看,我未娶你未嫁,咱俩正好凑成一对。”她睨他一眼,点尘不惊:“我不喜欢男人。”他笑得欢快:“正好,我也不喜欢。”她转身,将他从上到下打量一遍,唇角勾起:“说得具体点,我不喜欢你这样的男人。”他惊讶,握住她的手,凤眼里月光皎皎,情意切切:“啊……我哪里不好?你说,我改。”她推开他的手,负手上阶:“把衣服穿上,否则你哪里都不好。”