The good harmony of the colony did not last.There were other reasons why the settlement was unprosperous.The supply of wholesome provisions was inadequate.The situation of the town near the Chickahominy swamps was not conducive to health, and although Powhatan had sent to make peace with them, and they also made a league of amity with the chiefs Paspahegh and Tapahanagh, they evidently had little freedom of movement beyond sight of their guns.
Percy says they were very bare and scant of victuals, and in wars and dangers with the savages.
Smith says in his "True Relation," which was written on the spot, and is much less embittered than his "General Historie," that they were in good health and content when Newport departed, but this did not long continue, for President Wingfield and Captain Gosnold, with the most of the Council, were so discontented with each other that nothing was done with discretion, and no business transacted with wisdom.This he charges upon the "hard-dealing of the President,"the rest of the Council being diversely affected through his audacious command."Captain Martin, though honest, was weak and sick; Smith was in disgrace through the malice of others; and God sent famine and sickness, so that the living were scarce able to bury the dead.Our want of sufficient good food, and continual watching, four or five each night, at three bulwarks, being the chief cause;only of sturgeon we had great store, whereon we would so greedily surfeit, as it cost many their lives; the sack, Aquavite, and other preservations of our health being kept in the President's hands, for his own diet and his few associates."In his "General Historie," written many years later, Smith enlarges this indictment with some touches of humor characteristic of him.He says:
"Being thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned that within ten days scarce ten amongst us could either go, or well stand, such extreme weakness and sicknes oppressed us.And thereat none need marvaile if they consider the cause and reason, which was this: whilst the ships stayed, our allowance was somewhat bettered, by a daily proportion of Bisket, which the sailors would pilfer to sell, give, or exchange with us for money, Saxefras, furres, or love.But when they departed, there remained neither taverne, beere-house, nor place of reliefe, but the common Kettell.Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony, and drunkennesse, we might have been canonized for Saints.But our President would never have been admitted, for ingrissing to his private, Oatmeale, Sacke, Oyle, Aquavitz, Beef, Egges, or what not, but the Kettell: that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed, and that was half a pint of wheat, and as much barley boyled with water for a man a day, and this being fryed some twenty-six weeks in the ship's hold, contained as many wormes as graines; so that we might truly call it rather so much bran than corrne, our drinke was water, our lodgings Castles in the ayre; with this lodging and dyet, our extreme toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes, so strained and bruised us, and our continual labour in the extremitie of the heat had so weakened us, as were cause sufficient to have made us miserable in our native countrey, or any other place in the world."Affairs grew worse.The sufferings of this colony in the summer equaled that of the Pilgrims at Plymouth in the winter and spring.
