I saw again the sun setting on the plains as I saw it in the travels of my childhood.It set,clear and red,dipping into the snow in full view as if it were setting on the sea.It was twenty-three years since I had seen the sun set over that land;and we drove on in the darkness which fell swiftly upon the livid expanse of snows till,out of the waste of a white earth joining a bestarred sky,surged up black shapes,the clumps of trees about a village of the Ukrainian plain.A cottage or two glided by,a low interminable wall and then,glimmering and winking through a screen of fir-trees,the lights of the master's house.
That very evening the wandering MS.of "Almayer's Folly"was unpacked and unostentatiously laid on the writing-table in my room,the guest-room which had been,I was informed in an affectedly careless tone,awaiting me for some fifteen years or so.It attracted no attention from the affectionate presence hovering round the son of the favourite sister.
"You won't have many hours to yourself while you are staying with me,brother,"he said--this form of address borrowed from the speech of our peasants being the usual expression of the highest good humour in a moment of affectionate elation."I shall be always coming in for a chat."As a matter of fact we had the whole house to chat in,and were everlastingly intruding upon each other.I invaded the retirement of his study where the principal feature was a colossal silver inkstand presented to him on his fiftieth year by a subion of all his wards then living.He had been guardian of many orphans of land-owning families from the three southern provinces--ever since the year 1860.Some of them had been my schoolfellows and playmates,but not one of them,girls or boys,that I know of has ever written a novel.One or two were older than myself--considerably older,too.One of them,a visitor I remember in my early years,was the man who first put me on horseback,and his four-horse bachelor turn-out,his perfect horsemanship and general skill in manly exercises was one of my earliest admirations.I seem to remember my mother looking on from a colonnade in front of the dining-room windows as I was lifted upon the pony,held,for all I know,by the very Joseph--the groom attached specially to my grandmother's service--who died of cholera.It was certainly a young man in a dark blue,tail-less coat and huge Cossack trousers,that being the livery of the men about the stables.It must have been in 1864,but reckoning by another mode of calculating time,it was certainly in the year in which my mother obtained permission to travel south and visit her family,from the exile into which she had followed my father.For that,too,she had had to ask permission,and I know that one of the conditions of that favour was that she should be treated exactly as a condemned exile herself.Yet a couple of years later,in memory of her eldest brother who had served in the Guards and dying early left hosts of friends and a loved memory in the great world of St.
Petersburg,some influential personages procured for her this permission--it was officially called the "Highest Grace"--of a three months'leave from exile.
This is also the year in which I first begin to remember my mother with more distinctness than a mere loving,wide-browed,silent,protecting presence,whose eyes had a sort of commanding sweetness;and I also remember the great gathering of all the relations from near and far,and the grey heads of the family friends paying her the homage of respect and love in the house of her favourite brother who,a few years later,was to take the place for me of both my parents.
I did not understand the tragic significance of it all at the time,though indeed I remember that doctors also came.There were no signs of invalidism about her--but I think that already they had pronounced her doom unless perhaps the change to a southern climate could re-establish her declining strength.For me it seems the very happiest period of my existence.There was my cousin,a delightful quick-tempered little girl,some months younger than myself,whose life,lovingly watched over,as if she were a royal princess,came to an end with her fifteenth year.
There were other children,too,many of whom are dead now,and not a few whose very names I have forgotten.Over all this hung the oppressive shadow of the great Russian Empire--the shadow lowering with the darkness of a new-born national hatred fostered by the Moscow school of journalists against the Poles after the ill-omened rising of 1863.
This is a far cry back from the MS.of "Almayer's Folly,"but the public record of these formative impressions is not the whim of an uneasy egotism.These,too,are things human,already distant in their appeal.It is meet that something more should be left for the novelist's children than the colours and figures of his own hard-won creation.That which in their grown-up years may appear to the world about them as the most enigmatic side of their natures and perhaps must remain for ever obscure even to themselves,will be their unconscious response to the still voice of that inexorable past from which his work of fiction and their personalities are remotely derived.
Only in men's imagination does every truth find an effective and undeniable existence.Imagination,not invention,is the supreme master of art as of life.An imaginative and exact rendering of authentic memories may serve worthily that spirit of piety towards all things human which sanctions the conceptions of a writer of tales,and the emotions of the man reviewing his own experience.
Chapter II.
As I have said,I was unpacking my luggage after a journey from London into Ukraine.The MS.of "Almayer's Folly"--my companion already for some three years or more,and then in the ninth chapter of its age--was deposited unostentatiously on the writing-table placed between two windows.It didn't occur to me to put it away in the drawer the table was fitted with,but my eye was attracted by the good form of the same drawer's brass handles.Two candelabra with four candles each lighted up festally the room which had waited so many years for the wandering nephew.The blinds were down.
Within five hundred yards of the chair on which I sat stood the first peasant hut of the village--part of my maternal grandfather's estate,the only part remaining in the possession of a member of the family;and beyond the village in the limitless blackness of a winter's night there lay the great unfenced fields--not a flat and severe plain,but a kindly bread-giving land of low rounded ridges,all white now,with the black patches of timber nestling in the hollows.The road by which Ihad come ran through the village with a turn just outside the gates closing the short drive.Somebody was abroad on the deep snowtrack;a quick tinkle of bells stole gradually into the stillness of the room like a tuneful whisper.
My unpacking had been watched over by the servant who had come to help me,and,for the most part,had been standing attentive but unnecessary at the door of the room.I did not want him in the least,but I did not like to tell him to go away.He was a young fellow,certainly more than ten years younger than myself;I had not been--I won't say in that place but within sixty miles of it,ever since the year '67;yet his guileless physiognomy of the open peasant type seemed strangely familiar.It was quite possible that he might have been a descendant,a son or even a grandson,of the servants whose friendly faces had been familiar to me in my early childhood.As a matter of fact he had no such claim on my consideration.He was the product of some village near by and was there on his promotion,having learned the service in one or two houses as pantry-boy.I know this because I asked the worthy V--next day.I might well have spared the question.I discovered before long that all the faces about the house and all the faces in the village:the grave faces with long moustaches of the heads of families,the downy faces of the young men,the faces of the little fair-haired children,the handsome,tanned,wide-browed faces of the mothers seen at the doors of the huts were as familiar to me as though I had known them all from childhood,and my childhood were a matter of the day before yesterday.
The tinkle of the traveller's bels,after growing louder,had faded away quickly,and the tumult of barking dogs in the village had calmed down at last.My uncle,lounging in the corner of a small couch,smoked his long Turkish chibouk in silence.
"This is an extremely nice writing-table you have got for my room,"I remarked.
"It is really your property,"he said,keeping his eyes on me,with an interested and wistful expression as he had done ever since I had entered the house."Forty years ago your mother used to write at this very table.In our house in Oratow it stood in the little sitting-room which,by a tacit arrangement,was given up to the girls--I mean to your mother and her sister who died so young.It was a present to them jointly from our uncle Nicholas B.when your mother was seventeen and your aunt two years younger.She was a very dear,delightful girl,that aunt of yours,of whom I suppose you know nothing more than the name.
She did not shine so much by personal beauty and a cultivated mind,in which your mother was far superior.It was her good sense,the admirable sweetness of her nature,her exceptional facility and ease in daily relations that endeared her to everybody.Her death was a terrible grief and a serious moral loss for us all.Had she lived she would have brought the greatest blessings to the house it would have been her lot to enter,as wife,mother and mistress of a household.She would have created round herself an atmosphere of peace and content which only those who can love unselfishly are able to evoke.
Your mother--of far greater beauty,exceptionally distinguished in person,manner and intellect--had a less easy disposition.
Being more brilliantly gifted she also expected more from life.
At that trying time especially,we were greatly concerned about her state.Suffering in her health from the shock of her father's death (she was alone in the house with him when he died suddenly),she was torn by the inward struggle between her love for the man whom she was to marry in the end and her knowledge of her dead father's declared objection to that match.Unable to bring herself to disregard that cherished memory and that judgment she had always respected and trusted,and,on the other hand,feeling the impossibility to resist a sentiment so deep and so true,she could not have been expected to preserve her mental and moral balance.At war with herself,she could not give to others that feeling of peace which was not her own.It was only later,when united at last with the man of her choice that she developed those uncommon gifts of mind and heart which compelled the respect and admiration even of our foes.Meeting with calm fortitude the cruel trials of a life reflecting all the national and social misfortunes of the community,she realised the highest conceptions of duty as a wife,a mother and a patriot,sharing the exile of her husband and representing nobly the ideal of Polish womanhood.Our Uncle Nicholas was not a man very accessible to feelings of affection.Apart from his worship for Napoleon the Great,he loved really,I believe,only three people in the world:his mother--your great-grandmother,whom you have seen but cannot possibly remember;his brother,our father,in whose house he lived for so many years;and of all of us,his nephews and nieces grown up round him,your mother alone.The modest,lovable qualities of the youngest sister he did not seem able to see.It was I who felt most profoundly this unexpected stroke of death falling upon the family less than a year after Ihad become its head.It was terribly unexpected.Driving home one wintry afternoon to keep me company in our empty house,where I had to remain permanently administering the estate and attending to the complicated affairs--(the girls took it in turn week and week about)--driving,as I said,from the house of the Countess Tekla Potochka,where our invalid mother was staying then to be near a doctor,they lost the road and got stuck in a snowdrift.She was alone with the coachman and old Valery,the personal servant of our late father.Impatient of delay while they were trying to dig themselves out,she jumped out of the sledge and went to look for the road herself.All this happened in '51,not ten miles from the house in which we are sitting now.
The road was soon found,but snow had begun to fall thickly again,and they were four more hours getting home.Both the men took off their sheepskin-lined great-coats and used all their own rugs to wrap her up against the cold,notwithstanding her protests,positive orders and even struggles,as Valery afterwards related to me.'How could I,'he remonstrated with her,'go to meet the blessed soul of my late master if I let any harm come to you while there's a spark of life left in my body?'
When they reached home at last the poor old man was stiff and speechless from exposure,and the coachman was in not much better plight,though he had the strength to drive round to the stables himself.To my reproaches for venturing out at all in such weather,she answered characteristically that she could not bear the thought of abandoning me to my cheerless solitude.It is incomprehensible how it was that she was allowed to start.I suppose it had to be!She made light of the cough which came on next day,but shortly afterwards inflammation of the lungs set in,and in three weeks she was no more!She was the first to be taken away of the young generation under my care.Behold the vanity of all hopes and fears!I was the most frail at birth of all the children.For years I remained so delicate that my parents had but little hope of bringing me up;and yet I have survived five brothers and two sisters,and many of my contemporaries;I have outlived my wife and daughter too--and from all those who have had some knowledge at least of these old times you alone are left.It has been my lot to lay in an early grave many honest hearts,many brilliant promises,many hopes full of life."He got up brusquely,sighed,and left me,saying:"We will dine in half an hour."Without moving I listened to his quick steps resounding on the waxed floor of the next room,traversing the ante-room lined with bookshelves,where he paused to put his chibouk in the pipe-stand before passing into the drawing-room (these were all en suite),where he became inaudible on the thick carpet.But I heard the door of his study-bedroom close.He was then sixty-two years old and had been for a quarter of a century the wisest,the firmest,the most indulgent of guardians,extending over me a paternal care and affection,a moral support which I seemed to feel always near me in the most distant parts of the earth.
As to Mr.Nicholas B.,sub-lieutenant of 1808,lieutenant of 1813in the French Army,and for a short time Officier d'Ordonnance of Marshal Marmont;afterwards Captain in the 2nd Regiment of Mounted Rifles in the Polish Army--such as it existed up to 1830in the reduced kingdom established by the Congress of Vienna--I must say that from all that more distant past,known to me traditionally and a little de visu,and called out by the words of the man just gone away,he remains the most incomplete figure.
It is obvious that I must have seen him in '64,for it is certain that he would not have missed the opportunity of seeing my mother for what he must have known would be the last time.From my early boyhood to this day,if I try to call up his image,a sort of mist rises before my eyes,a mist in which I perceive vaguely only a neatly brushed head of white hair (which is exceptional in the case of the B.family,where it is the rule for men to go bald in a becoming manner,before thirty)and a thin,curved,dignified nose,a feature in strict accordance with the physical tradition of the B.family.But it is not by these fragmentary remains of perishable mortality that he lives in my memory.I knew,at a very early age,that my grand-uncle Nicholas B.was a Knight of the Legion of Honour and that he had also the Polish Cross for valour Virtuti Militari.The knowledge of these glorious facts inspired in me an admiring veneration;yet it is not that sentiment,strong as it was,which resumes for me the force and the significance of his personality.It is overborne by another and complex impression of awe,compassion and horror.
Mr.Nicholas B.remains for me the unfortunate and miserable (but heroic)being who once upon a time had eaten a dog.
It is a good forty years since I heard the tale,and the effect has not worn off yet.I believe this is the very first,say,realistic,story I heard in my life;but all the same I don't know why I should have been so frightfully impressed.Of course I know what our village dogs look like--but still.No!At this very day,recalling the horror and compassion of my childhood,I ask myself whether I am right in disclosing to a cold and fastidious world that awful episode in the family history.I ask myself--is it right?--especially as the B.family had always been honourably known in a wide country-side for the delicacy of their tastes in the matter of eating and drinking.
But upon the whole,and considering that this gastronomical degradation overtaking a gallant young officer lies really at the door of the Great Napoleon,I think that to cover it up by silence would be an exaggeration of literary restraint.Let the truth stand here.The responsibility rests with the Man of St.
Helena in view of his deplorable levity in the conduct of the Russian campaign.It was during the memorable retreat from Moscow that Mr.Nicholas B.,in company of two brother officers--as to whose morality and natural refinement I know nothing--bagged a dog on the outskirts of a village and subsequently devoured him.As far as I can remember the weapon used was a cavalry sabre,and the issue of the sporting episode was rather more of a matter of life and death than if it had been an encounter with a tiger.A picket of Cossacks was sleeping in that village lost in the depths of the great Lithuanian forest.
The three sportsmen had observed them from a hiding-place making themselves very much at home amongst the huts just before the early winter darkness set in at four o'clock.They had observed them with disgust and perhaps with despair.Late in the night the rash counsels of hunger overcame the dictates of prudence.
Crawling through the snow they crept up to the fence of dry branches which generally encloses a village in that part of Lithuania.What they expected to get and in what manner,and whether this expectation was worth the risk,goodness only knows.
However,these Cossack parties,in most cases wandering without an officer,were known to guard themselves badly and often not at all.In addition,the village lying at a great distance from the line of French retreat,they could not suspect the presence of stragglers from the Grand Army.The three officers had strayed away in a blizzard from the main column and had been lost for days in the woods,which explains sufficiently the terrible straits to which they were reduced.Their plan was to try and attract the attention of the peasants in that one of the huts which was nearest to the enclosure;but as they were preparing to venture into the very jaws of the lion,so to speak,a dog (it is mighty strange that there was but one),a creature quite as formidable under the circumstances as a lion,began to bark on the other side of the fence.
At this stage of the narrative,which I heard many times (by request)from the lips of Captain Nicholas B.'s sister-in-law,my grandmother,I used to tremble with excitement.
The dog barked.And if he had done no more than bark three officers of the Great Napoleon's army would have perished honourably on the points of Cossack's lances,or perchance escaping the chase would have died decently of starvation.But before they had time to think of running away,that fatal and revolting dog,being carried away by the excess of his zeal,dashed out through a gap in the fence.He dashed out and died.
His head,I understand,was severed at one blow from his body.Iunderstand also that later on,within the gloomy solitudes of the snow-laden woods,when,in a sheltering hollow,a fire had been lit by the party,the condition of the quarry was discovered to be distinctly unsatisfactory.It was not thin--on the contrary,it seemed unhealthily obese;its skin showed bare patches of an unpleasant character.However,they had not killed that dog for the sake of the pelt.He was large.He was eaten.The rest is silence.
A silence in which a small boy shudders and says firmly:
"I could not have eaten that dog."
And his grandmother remarks with a smile:
"Perhaps you don't know what it is to be hungry."I have learned something of it since.Not that I have been reduced to eat dog.I have fed on the emblematical animal,which,in the language of the volatile Gauls,is called la vache enragee;I have lived on ancient salt junk,I know the taste of shark,of trepang,of snake,of nonde dishes containing things without a name--but of the Lithuanian village dog--never!
I wish it to be distinctly understood that it is not I but my grand-uncle Nicholas,of the Polish landed gentry,Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur,&c.&c.,who,in his young days,had eaten the Lithuanian dog.
I wish he had not.The childish horror of the deed clings absurdly to the grizzled man.I am perfectly helpless against it.Still if he really had to,let us charitably remember that he had eaten him on active service,while bearing up bravely against the greatest military disaster of modern history,and,in a manner,for the sake of his country.He had eaten him to appease his hunger no doubt,but also for the sake of an unappeasable and patriotic desire,in the glow of a great faith that lives still,and in the pursuit of a great illusion kindled like a false beacon by a great man to lead astray the effort of a brave nation.
Pro patria!
Looked at in that light it appears a sweet and decorous meal.
And looked at in the same light my own diet of la vache enragee appears a fatuous and extravagant form of self-indulgence;for why should I,the son of a land which such men as these have turned up with their ploughshares and bedewed with their blood,undertake the pursuit of fantastic meals of salt junk and hard tack upon the wide seas?On the kindest view it seems an unanswerable question.Alas!I have the conviction that there are men of unstained rectitude who are ready to murmur scornfully the word desertion.Thus the taste of innocent adventure may be made bitter to the palate.The part of the inexplicable should be allowed for in appraising the conduct of men in a world where no explanation is final.No charge of faithlessness ought to be lightly uttered.The appearances of this perishable life are deceptive like everything that falls under the judgment of our imperfect senses.The inner voice may remain true enough in its secret counsel.The fidelity to a special tradition may last through the events of an unrelated existence,following faithfully too the traced way of an inexplicable impulse.
It would take too long to explain the intimate alliance of contradictions in human nature which makes love itself wear at times the desperate shape of betrayal.And perhaps there is no possible explanation.Indulgence--as somebody said--is the most intelligent of all the virtues.I venture to think that it is one of the least common,if not the most uncommon of all.Iwould not imply by this that men are foolish--or even most men.
Far from it.The barber and the priest,backed by the whole opinion of the village,condemned justly the conduct of the ingenious hidalgo who,sallying forth from his native place,broke the head of the muleteer,put to death a flock of inoffensive sheep,and went through very doleful experiences in a certain stable.God forbid that an unworthy churl should escape merited censure by hanging on to the stirrup-leather of the sublime caballero.His was a very noble,a very unselfish fantasy,fit for nothing except to raise the envy of baser mortals.But there is more than one aspect to the charm of that exalted and dangerous figure.He,too,had his frailties.After reading so many romances he desired naively to escape with his very body from the intolerable reality of things.He wished to meet eye to eye the valorous giant Brandabarbaran,Lord of Arabia,whose armour is made of the skin of a dragon,and whose shield,strapped to his arm,is the gate of a fortified city.Oamiable and natural weakness!O blessed simplicity of a gentle heart without guile!Who would not succumb to such a consoling temptation?Nevertheless it was a form of self-indulgence,and the ingenious hidalgo of La Mancha was not a good citizen.The priest and the barber were not unreasonable in their strictures.
Without going so far as the old King Louis-Philippe,who used to say in his exile,"The people are never in fault"--one may admit that there must be some righteousness in the assent of a whole village.Mad!Mad!He who kept in pious meditation the ritual vigil-of-arms by the well of an inn and knelt reverently to be knighted at daybreak by the fat,sly rogue of a landlord,has come very near perfection.He rides forth,his head encircled by a halo--the patron saint of all lives spoiled or saved by the irresistible grace of imagination.But he was not a good citizen.
Perhaps that and nothing else was meant by the well-remembered exclamation of my tutor.
It was in the jolly year 1873,the very last year in which I have had a jolly holiday.There have been idle years afterwards,jolly enough in a way and not altogether without their lesson,but this year of which I speak was the year of my last schoolboy holiday.There are other reasons why I should remember that year,but they are too long to state formally in this place.
