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第2章 Table of Dates

Where unspecified, translations from French to English or vice versa are by Beckett.

1906

13 April Samuel Beckett [Samuel Barclay Beckett] born in 'Cooldrinagh', a house in Foxrock, a village south of Dublin, on Good Friday, the second child of William Beckett and May Beckett, née Roe; he is preceded by a brother, Frank Edward, born 26 July 1902.

1911

Enters kindergarten at Ida and Pauline Elsner's private academy in Leopardstown.

1915

Attends larger Earlsfort House School in Dublin.

1920

Follows Frank to Portora Royal, a distinguished Protestant boarding school in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh (soon to become part of Northern Ireland).

1923

October Enrols at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) to study for an Arts degree.

1926

August First visit to France, a month-long cycling tour of the Loire Valley.

1927

April–August Travels through Florence and Venice, visiting museums, galleries and churches.

December Receives BA in Modern Languages (French and Italian) and graduates first in the First Class

1928

Jan.–June Teaches French and English at Campbell College, Belfast.

September First trip to Germany to visit seventeen-year-old Peggy Sinclair, a cousin on his father's side, and her family in Kassel.

1 November Arrives in Paris as an exchange lecteur at the école Normale Supérieure. Quickly becomes friends with his predecessor, Thomas McGreevy [after 1943, MacGreevy], who introduces Beckett to James Joyce and other influential anglophone writers and publishers.

December Spends Christmas in Kassel (as also in 1929, 1930 and 1931).

1929

June Publishes first critical essay ('Dante… Bruno . Vico . . Joyce') and first story ('Assumption') in transition magazine.

1930

July Whoroscope (Paris: Hours Press).

October Returns to TCD to begin a two-year appointment as lecturer in French.

November Introduced by MacGreevy to the painter and writer Jack B. Yeats in Dublin.

1931

March Proust (London: Chatto & Windus).

September First Irish publication, the poem 'Alba' in Dublin Magazine.

1932

January Resigns his lectureship via telegram from Kassel and moves to Paris.

Feb.–June First serious attempt at a novel, the posthumously published Dream of Fair to Middling Women.

December Story 'Dante and the Lobster' appears in This Quarter (Paris).

1933

3 May Death of Peggy Sinclair from tuberculosis.

26 June Death of William Beckett from a heart attack.

1934

January Moves to London and begins psychoanalysis with Wilfred Bion at the Tavistock Clinic.

February Negro Anthology, edited by Nancy Cunard and with numerous translations by Beckett from the French (London: Wishart & Co.).

May More Pricks Than Kicks (London: Chatto & Windus).

Aug.–Sept. Contributes several stories and reviews to literary magazines in London and Dublin.

1935

November Echo's Bones and Other Precipitates, a cycle of thirteen poems (Paris: Europa Press).

1936

Returns to Dublin.

29 September Leaves Ireland for a seven-month stay in Germany.

1937

Apr.–Aug. First serious attempt at a play, Human Wishes, about Samuel Johnson and his household.

October Settles in Paris.

1938

6/7 January Stabbed by a street pimp in Montparnasse. Among his visitors at H?pital Broussais is Suzanne Deschevaux-Dumesnil, an acquaintance who is to become Beckett's companion for life.

March Murphy (London: Routledge).

April Begins writing poetry directly in French.

1939

3 September Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. Beckett abruptly ends a visit to Ireland and returns to Paris the next day.

1940

June Travels south with Suzanne following the Fall of France, as part of the exodus from the capital.

September Returns to Paris.

1941

13 January Death of James Joyce in Zurich.

1 September Joins the Resistance cell Gloria SMH.

1942

16 August Goes into hiding with Suzanne after the arrest of close friend Alfred Péron.

6 October Arrival at Roussillon, a small village in unoccupied southern France.

1944

24 August Liberation of Paris.

1945

30 March Awarded the Croix de Guerre.

Aug.–Dec. Volunteers as a storekeeper and interpreter with the Irish Red Cross in Saint-L?, Normandy.

1946

July Publishes first fiction in French – a truncated version of the short story 'Suite' (later to become 'La Fin') in Les Temps modernes, owing to a misunderstanding by editors – as well as a critical essay on Dutch painters Geer and Bram van Velde in Cahiers d'art.

1947

Jan.–Feb. Writes first play, in French, Eleutheria (published posthumously).

April Murphy, French translation (Paris: Bordas).

1948

Undertakes a number of translations commissioned by UNESCO and by Georges Duthuit.

1950

25 August Death of May Beckett.

1951

March Molloy, in French (Paris: Les éditions de Minuit).

November Malone meurt (Paris: Minuit).

1952

Purchases land at Ussy-sur-Marne, subsequently Beckett's preferred location for writing.

September En attendant Godot (Paris: Minuit).

1953

5 January Premiere of Godot at the Théatre de Babylone in Montparnasse, directed by Roger Blin.

May L'Innommable (Paris: Minuit).

August Watt, in English (Paris: Olympia Press).

1954

8 September Waiting for Godot (New York: Grove Press).

13 September Death of Frank Beckett from lung cancer.

1955

March Molloy, translated into English with Patrick Bowles (New York: Grove; Paris: Olympia).

3 August First English production of Godot opens in London at the Arts Theatre.

November Nouvelles et Textes pour rien (Paris: Minuit).

1956

3 January American Godot premiere in Miami.

February First British publication of Waiting for Godot (London: Faber).

October Malone Dies (New York: Grove).

1957

January First radio broadcast, All That Fall on the BBC Third Programme.

Fin de partie, suivi de Acte sans paroles (Paris: Minuit).

28 March Death of Jack B. Yeats.

August All That Fall (London: Faber).

October Tous ceux qui tombent, translation of All That Fall with Robert Pinget (Paris: Minuit).

1958

April Endgame, translation of Fin de partie (London: Faber).

From an Abandoned Work (London: Faber).

July Krapp's Last Tape in Grove Press's literary magazine, Evergreen Review.

September The Unnamable (New York: Grove).

December Anthology of Mexican Poetry, translated by Beckett (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press; later reprinted in London by Thames & Hudson).

1959

March La Dernière bande, translation of Krapp's Last Tape with Pierre Leyris, in the Parisian literary magazine Les Lettres nouvelles.

2 July Receives honorary D. Litt. degree from Trinity College Dublin.

November Embers in Evergreen Review.

December Cendres, translation of Embers with Pinget, in Les Lettres nouvelles.

Three Novels: Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable (New York: Grove; Paris: Olympia Press).

1961

January Comment c'est (Paris: Minuit).

24 March Marries Suzanne at Folkestone, Kent.

May Shares Prix International des Editeurs with Jorge Luis Borges.

August Poems in English (London: Calder).

September Happy Days (New York: Grove).

1963

February Oh les beaux jours, translation of Happy Days (Paris: Minuit).

May Assists with the German production of Play (Spiel, translated by Elmar and Erika Tophoven) in Ulm.

22 May Outline of Film sent to Grove Press. Film would be produced in 1964, starring Buster Keaton, and released at the Venice Film Festival the following year.

1964

March Play and Two Short Pieces for Radio (London: Faber).

April How It Is, translation of Comment c'est (London: Calder; New York: Grove).

June Comédie, translation of Play, in Les Lettres nouvelles.

July–Aug. First and only trip to the United States, to assist with the production of Film in New York.

1965

October Imagination morte imaginez (Paris: Minuit).

November Imagination Dead Imagine (London: The Sunday Times; Calder).

1966

January Comédie et Actes divers, including Dis Joe and Va et vient (Paris: Minuit).

February Assez (Paris: Minuit).

October Bing (Paris: Minuit).

1967

February D'un ouvrage abandonné (Paris: Minuit).

Têtes-mortes (Paris: Minuit).

16 March Death of Thomas MacGreevy.

June Eh Joe and Other Writings, including Act Without Words II and Film (London: Faber).

July Come and Go, English translation of Va et vient (London: Calder).

26 September Directs first solo production, Endspiel (translation of Endgame by Elmar Tophoven) in Berlin.

November No's Knife: Collected Shorter Prose, 1945–1966 (London: Calder).

December Stories and Texts for Nothing, illustrated with six ink line drawings by Avigdor Arikha (New York: Grove).

1968

March Poèmes (Paris: Minuit).

December Watt, translated into French with Ludovic and Agnès Janvier (Paris: Minuit).

1969

23 October Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Sans (Paris: Minuit).

1970

April Mercier et Camier (Paris: Minuit).

Premier amour (Paris: Minuit).

July Lessness, translation of Sans (London: Calder).

September Le Dépeupleur (Paris: Minuit).

1972

January The Lost Ones, translation of Le Dépeupleur (London: Calder; New York: Grove).

The North, part of The Lost Ones, illustrated with etchings by Arikha (London: Enitharmon Press).

1973

January Not I (London: Faber).

July First Love (London: Calder).

1974

Mercier and Camier (London: Calder).

1975

Spring Directs Godot in Berlin and Pas moi (translation of Not I) in Paris.

1976

February Pour finir encore et autres foirades (Paris: Minuit).

20 May Directs Billie Whitelaw in Footfalls, which is performed with That Time at London's Royal Court Theatre in honour of Beckett's seventieth birthday.

Autumn All Strange Away, illustrated with etchings by Edward Gorey (New York: Gotham Book Mart).

Foirades/Fizzles, in French and English, illustrated with etchings by Jasper Johns (New York: Petersburg Press).

December Footfalls (London: Faber).

1977

March Collected Poems in English and French (London: Calder; New York: Grove).

1978

May Pas, translation of Footfalls (Paris: Minuit).

August Poèmes, suivi de mirlitonnades (Paris: Minuit).

1980

January Compagnie (Paris: Minuit).

Company (London: Calder).

May Directs Endgame in London with Rick Cluchey and the San Quentin Drama Workshop.

1981

March Mal vu mal dit (Paris: Minuit).

April Rockaby and Other Short Pieces (New York: Grove).

October Ill Seen Ill Said, translation of Mal vu mal dit (New York: New Yorker; Grove).

1983

April Worstward Ho (London: Calder).

September Disjecta: Miscellaneous Writings and a Dramatic Fragment, containing critical essays on art and literature as well as the unfinished play Human Wishes (London: Calder).

1984

February Oversees San Quentin Drama Workshop production of Godot, directed by Walter Asmus, in London.

Collected Shorter Plays (London: Faber; New York: Grove).

May Collected Poems, 1930–1978 (London: Calder).

July Collected Shorter Prose, 1945–1980 (London: Calder).

1989

April Stirrings Still, with illustrations by Louis le Brocquy (New York: Blue Moon Books).

June Nohow On: Company, Ill Seen Ill Said, Worstward Ho, illustrated with etchings by Robert Ryman (New York: Limited Editions Club).

17 July Death of Suzanne Beckett.

22 December Death of Samuel Beckett. Burial in Cimetière de Montparnasse.

*

1990

As the Story Was Told: Uncollected and Late Prose (London: Calder; New York: Riverrun Press).

1992

Dream of Fair to Middling Women (Dublin: Black Cat Press).

1995

Eleutheria (Paris: Minuit).

1996

Eleutheria, translated into English by Barbara Wright (London: Faber).

1998

No Author Better Served: The Correspondence of Samuel Beckett and Alan Schneider, edited by Maurice Harmon (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press).

2000

Beckett on Film: nineteen films, by different directors, of Beckett's works for the stage (RTé, Channel 4 and Irish Film Board; DVD, London: Clarence Pictures).

2006

Samuel Beckett: Works for Radio: The Original Broadcasts: five works spanning the period 1957–1976 (CD, London: British Library Board).

2009

The Letters of Samuel Beckett, 1929–1940, edited by Martha Dow Fehsenfeld and Lois More Overbeck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Compiled by Cassandra Nelson

Beckett's annotated copy of Happy Days, prepared for his production of the play at the Old Vic, London, 1975.

Courtesy of the Beckett International Foundation, University of Reading.

? The Estate of Samuel Beckett.

Happy Days

CHARACTERS

WINNIE a woman of about fifty

WILLIE a man of about sixty

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