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金融雏形:当铺与质库
我国的当铺历史十分悠久,早在千年以前的汉代,典当就已经出现在人们的生活中了,到了宋代,由唐代的专营与兼营并立,逐渐向专营发展,正式成为了一种行业。这是中国典当业发展史上的又一大变化,虽然它们曾经备受争议,然而不能否认的是,它们以超前的经济意识和先进的管理模式,最终促进了现代金融业的发展。东方文化西传及其对近代欧洲的影响
人们在考察东西方文化互动以及交流时,比较多地注意到了近代西欧文化向东方传播的趋势,这股文化潮流的东向移动,被谓之“西学东渐”,在回顾中世纪东方文化西传的历史之后,我们不得不作这样的认识:所谓“西学东渐”的“西学”是富含经欧人吸收、改造、沿袭的东方文化成分特质的欧洲新文化思潮,“东渐”则又寓示着东方文化某种程度的回归,站在这个基点上,“全盘西化”等提法显然都是欠妥的,犯了出口布料,经人加工为成衣,又被视为洋货进口同样的错误。Target Churchill
As Great Britain and the United States celebrate a victorious end to WWII, Joseph Stalin's relentless Soviet Union is creeping across Eastern Europe leaving a trail of devastation and murder in its wake.Winston Churchill, the cigar-puffing icon of the British fighting spirit embarks on a crusade to lift the veil of secrecy that hangs over Stalin's mission. Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri sets the diplomatic stage upon which the world's political players grapple for supremacy as Churchill delivers his fated Iron Curtain speech on March 5th, 1946.Soviet operatives have infiltrated British and American governments at the highest level. As Churchill prepares to launch the Cold War, Stalin unleashes his trained mole, an American Nazi who served in Hitler's SS. His mission: Assassinate Winston Churchill.