登陆注册
4132500000006

第6章 CHAP. III(1)

Of the State of War.

16. THE state of war is a state of enmity and destruction: and therefore declaring by word or action, not a passionate and hasty, but a sedate settled design upon another man's life, puts him in a state of war with him against whom he has declared such an intention, and so has exposed his life to the other's power to be taken away by him, or any one that joins with him in his defence, and espouses his quarrel; it being reasonable and just, I should have a right to destroy that which threatens me with destruction: for, by the fundamental law of nature, man being to be preserved as much as possible, when all cannot be preserved, the safety of the innocent is to be preferred: and one may destroy a man who makes war upon him, or has discovered an enmity to his being, for the same reason that he may kill a wolf or a lion; because such men are not under the ties of the commonlaw of reason, have no other rule, but that of force and violence, and so may be treated as beasts of prey, those dangerous and noxious creatures, that will be sure to destroy him whenever he falls into their power.

Sect, 17. And hence it is, that he who attempts to get another man into his absolute power, does thereby put himself into a state of war with him; it being to be understood as a declaration of a design upon his life: for I have reason to conclude, that he who would get me into his power without my consent, would use me as he pleased when he had got me there, and destroy me too when he had a fancy to it; for no body can desire to have me in his absolute power, unless it be to compel me by force to that which is against the right of my freedom, i.e.

make me a slave. To be free from such force is the only security of my preservation; and reason bids me look on him, as an enemy to my preservation, who would take away that freedom which is the fence to it; so that he who makes an attempt to enslave me, thereby puts himself into a state of war with me. He that, in the state of nature, would take away the freedom that belongs to any one in that state, must necessarily be supposed to have a foundationtofeallathevrest;hasghelthat,hin theestateeofgsociety, would take away the freedom belonging to those of that society or commonwealth, must be supposed to design to take away from them every thing else, and so be looked on as in a state of war.

Sec. 18. This makes it lawful for a man to kill a thief, who has not in the least hurt him, nor declared any design upon his life, any farther than, by the use of force, so to get him in his power, as to take away his money, or what he pleases, from him; because using force, where he has no right, to get me into his power, let his pretence be what it will, I have no reason to suppose, that he, who would take away my liberty, would not, when he had me in his power, take away every thing else. And therefore it is lawful for me to treat him as one who has put himself into a state of war with me, i.e. kill him if I can;for to that hazard does he justly expose himself, whoever introduces a state of war, and is aggressor in it.

Sec. 19. And here we have the plain difference between the state of nature and the state of war, which however some men have confounded, are as far distant, as a state of peace, good will, mutual assistance and preservation, and a state of enmity, malice, violence and mutual destruction, are one from another.

Men living together according to reason, without a common superior on earth, with authority to judge between them, is properly the state of nature. But force, or a declared design of force, upon the person of another, where there is no common superior on earth to appeal to for relief, is the state of war:

同类推荐
  • 华严游意

    华严游意

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • The Autobiography of a Quack

    The Autobiography of a Quack

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 五知斋琴谱摘录

    五知斋琴谱摘录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 天台三圣诗集和韵

    天台三圣诗集和韵

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • The Rifle and Hound in Ceylon

    The Rifle and Hound in Ceylon

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • La Grenadiere

    La Grenadiere

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 荷马史诗·伊利亚特

    荷马史诗·伊利亚特

    《荷马史诗》是希腊最早的一部史诗,包括《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分,相传是由盲诗人荷马所作,实际上它产生于民间口头文学。《伊利亚特》以特洛亚战争为题材。战争由“金苹果传说”中特洛亚王子帕里斯裁判造成美女海伦被劫引起,历时十年,史诗主要叙述发生在第十年的五十天左右里的故事。希腊军队统帅阿伽门农的傲慢和贪婪激起军队主将阿基琉斯的愤怒,从而引发了一系列战斗和杀戮。
  • 深秋挽歌

    深秋挽歌

    她本意一生自由可世事变化无常,九皇子心系天下,所以她要与他共定天下。“月儿,下辈子让我早点遇见你,我要带你踏遍这突厥,草原上的花都为你而开。”“可爱我的人都一一离我而去了,我对不起思靡。”“月儿,做我的皇后,后宫只能有你一人,整个大齐朕只爱你一人。”
  • Can Such Things Be

    Can Such Things Be

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • The Homecoming

    The Homecoming

    Years after the events of Spencer's Mountain, Clay Spencer—Clay-Boy's father—fails to return home on Christmas Eve. Leaving his worried family to keep watch at the homestead, Clay-Boy takes to the snowy Virginia hills in search of his father. Along the way, he meets an irate deer, a threatening county sheriff, a congregation of African-American churchgoers, and two elderly women who happen to be bootleggers. The story of Clay-Boy's search for his father is told with warmth and intensity.Along with its prequel, Spencer's Mountain, The Homecoming was the inspiration for the popular television show The Waltons, which starred Richard Thomas, Andrew Duggan, and Patricia Neal, and ran for nine years between 1972 and 1981. Over fifty years after its publication, this novel still has the power to move and inspire.
  • 最让中国人怀念的古典爱情小说

    最让中国人怀念的古典爱情小说

    本书由十二篇白话短篇小说、十二篇赏析文章、十二幅彩图组成,小说中多篇曾被改编成电视剧电影,主要选自冯梦龙“三言”和李渔的经典著作。如诗语言,纯美彩绘,引领最温柔的古典情。
  • 芨芨草也有年轮(中篇小说)

    芨芨草也有年轮(中篇小说)

    平静的乡村因工作组的进入,一切都贴上了政治标签,在揭发批判中石老忠也在劫难逃。直到那场风波连同那个年代结束后,石老忠成了唯一的殉难者。那是一段怎样的岁月?一刘家堡是工作团团部所在地。邵文杰从团部大院高门槛上跨出来以后,压抑了好一阵子的兴奋之情欣喜之情豪壮之情,才开始释放出来。他的步伐轻快,带着点军人姿态,甚至边走边哼起时下流行的一首歌——
  • 浮华梦碎:豪门长媳

    浮华梦碎:豪门长媳

    一个平凡的孤女,有机会嫁给大户人家的少爷,本该如灰姑娘遇到王子般美好。谁知才刚拜堂入门,便迎来了丈夫的死讯。受尽世人的冷眼与奚落,哪里知道,这男人有一天还会活着回来。原本以为苦尽甘来的她,只想本本分分的相夫教子。然而,丈夫的拈花惹草,婆婆的别有用心,情敌的上门挑衅,她无端被卷入复杂的恩怨斗争中,心力交瘁。在她把全部希望寄托在自己腹中的孩子时,却被丈夫灌了一碗苦药,从楼梯上滚了下去……她被扔在了乱葬岗,在绝望中的相遇,让她邂逅了此生的真爱。可身世之谜的揭开,彻底打破了她生活的平衡。到底是和所爱之人长相厮守,还是意难平,重新回到魔鬼的身边?
  • 谋杀现场

    谋杀现场

    女探高清扬的侦探推理故事:《夜行游女》、《失魂》、《暗恋》、《新娘》、《闹鬼》、《裸足天使》、《十全十美》、《舞殇》、《凶猫》、《十年不晚》……
  • 生活中不可不知的冷门知识

    生活中不可不知的冷门知识

    知识是一座巨大的宝库,取之不尽,学之不完,我们通过教育获得的知识,仅仅是一些基础的必备的知识,还有太多的知识我们甚至闻所未闻。本书是一本趣味性知识大集合,本书收录有各种各样的冷门知识和奇怪问题,这些知识涵盖历史、文化、自然科学、生活、饮食等方方面面,这些问题立足科学,趣味性强,可以让读者在快乐的阅读过程中,增长知识,启迪智慧。