Nay， still worse， through another effect of the same error， it condemns itself by its own act to constant fits of panic. For， having allowed the power which it was not willing to assume to slip into indifferent or suspect hands， it is always uneasy， and all its decrees bear an uniform stamp， not only of the willful ignorance within which it confines itself， but also of the exaggerated or chimerical fears in which its life is passed. - Imagine a ship conveying a company of lawyers， literary men， and other passengers， who， supported by a mutinous and poorly fed crew， take full command， but refuse to select one of their own number for a pilot or for the officer of the watch. The former captain continues to nominate them； through very shame， and because he is a good sort of man， his title is left to him， and he is retained for the transmission of orders. If these orders are absurd， so much the worse for him； if he resists them， a fresh mutiny forces him to yield； and even when they cannot be executed， he has to answer for their being carried out. In the meantime， in a room between decks， far away from the helm and the compass， our club of amateurs discuss the equilibrium of floating bodies， decree a new system of navigation， have the ballast thrown overboard， crowd on all sail， and are astonished to find that the ship heels over on its side. The officer of the watch and the pilot must， evidently， have managed the maneuver badly. They are accordingly dismissed and others put in their place， while the ship heels over farther yet and begins to leak in every joint. Enough： it is the fault of the captain and the old staff of officers， They are not well-disposed； for a beautiful system of navigation like this ought to work well； and if it fails to do so， it is because some one interferes with it. It is positively certain that some of those people belonging to the former régime must be traitors， who would rather have the ship go down than submit； they are public enemies and monsters. They must be seized， disarmed， put under surveillance， and punished. - Such is the reasoning of the Assembly. Evidently， to reassure it， a message from the Minister of the Interior chosen by the Assembly， to the lieutenant of police whom he had appointed， to come to his office every morning， would be all that was necessary. But it is deprived of this simple resource by its own act， and has no other expedient than to appoint a committee of investigation to discover crimes of "treason against the nation."[48] What could be more vague than such a term？ What could be more mischievous than such an institution？ -- Renewed every month， deprived of special agents， composed of credulous and inexperienced deputies， this committee， set to perform the work of a Lenoir or a Fouché， makes up for its incapacity by violence， and its proceedings anticipate those of the Jacobine inquisition.[49] Alarmist and suspicious， it encourages accusations， and， for lack of plots to discover， it invents them.
Inclinations， in its eyes， stand for actions， and floating projects become accomplished outrages. On the denunciation of a domestic who has listened at a door， on the gossip of a washerwoman who has found a scrap of paper in a dressing-gown， on the false interpretation of a letter， on vague indications which it completes and patches together by the strength of its imagination， it forges a coup d'état， makes examinations， domiciliary visits， nocturnal surprises and arrests；[50] it exaggerates， blackens， and comes in public session to denounce the whole affair to the National Assembly. First comes the plot of the Breton nobles to deliver Brest to the English；[51] then the plot for hiring brigands to destroy the crops； then the plot of 14th of July to burn Paris； then the plot of Favras to murder Lafayette， Necker， and Bailly； then the plot of Augeard to carry off the King， and many others， week after week， not counting those which swarm in the brains of the journalists， and which Desmoulins， Fréron， and Marat reveal with a flourish of trumpets in each of their publications.
"All these alarms are cried daily in the streets like cabbages and turnips， the good people of Paris inhaling them along with the pestilential vapors of our mud."[52]
..............Now， in this aspect， as well as in a good many others， the Assembly is the people； satisfied that it is in danger，[53] it makes laws as the former make their insurrections， and protects itself by strokes of legislation as the former protects itself by blows with pikes. Failing to take hold of the motor spring by which it might direct the government machine， it distrusts all the old and all the new wheels. The old ones seem to it an obstacle， and， instead of utilizing them， it breaks them one by one -- parliaments， provincial states， religious orders， the church， the nobles， and royalty. The new ones are suspicious， and instead of harmonizing them， it puts them out of gear in advance -- the executive power， administrative powers， judicial powers， the police， the gendarmerie， and the army.[54] Thanks to these precautions it is impossible for any of them to be turned against itself； but， also， thanks to these precautions， none of them can perform their functions.[55]
In building， as well as in destroying， the Assembly had two bad counselors， on the one hand fear， on the other hand theory； and on the ruins of the old machine which it had demolished without discernment， the new machine， which it has constructed without forecast， will work only to its own ruin.
__________________________________________________________________Notes：
[1] Arthur Young， June 15， 1789. - Bailly， passim， -- Moniteur， IV. 522 (June 2， 1790). - Mercure de France (Feb. 11 1792).
[2] Moniteur， v. 631 (Sep. 12， 1790)， and September 8th (what is said by the Abbé Maury). - Marmontel， book XIII. 237. -Malouet， I. 261. - Bailly， I. 227.
[3] Sir Samuel Romilly， "Mémoires，" I. 102， 354. - Dumont， 158.
