登陆注册
5186300000084

第84章 Appendix I:Production,Consumption,Distribution,Exc

2.But production provides not only the object of consumption,it also gives consumption a distinct form,a character,a finish.Just as consumption puts the finishing touch on the product as a product,so production puts the finishing touch to consumption.For one thing ,the object is not simply an object in general,but a particular object which must be consumed in a particular way,a way determined by production.Hunger is hunger;but the hunger that is satisfied by cooked meat eaten with knife and fork differs from hunger that devours raw meat with the help of bands,nails and teeth.Production thus produces not only the object of consumption but also the mode of consumption,not only objectively but also subjectively.

Production therefore creates the consumer.

3.Production not only provides the material to satisfy a need,but it also provides the need for the material.When consumption emerges from its original primitive crudeness and immediacy --and its remaining in that state would be due to the fact that production was still primitively crude --then it is itself as a desire brought about by the object.The need felt for the object is induced by the perception of the object.An objet d'art creates a public that has artistic taste and is able to enjoy beauty --and the same can be said of any other product.Production accordingly produces not only an object for the subject,but also a subject for the object.

Hence production produces consumption:1)by providing the material of consumption;2)by determining the mode of consumption;3)by creating in the consumer a need for the objects which it first presents as products.

It therefore produces the object of consumption,the mode of consumption and the urge to consume.Similarly,consumption produces the predisposition of the producer by positing him as a purposive requirement.

The identity of consumption and production has three aspects 1.Direct identity :Production is consumption and consumption is production.Consumptive production and productive consumption.Economists call both productive consumption,but they still make a distinction.The former figures in their work as reproduction,the latter as productive consumption.All investigations of the former are concerned with productive and unproductive labour,those of the latter with productive and non-productive consumption.

2.Each appears as a means of the other,as being induced by it;this is called their mutual dependence;they are thus brought into mutual relation and appear to be indispensable to each other,but nevertheless remain extrinsic to each other.Production provides the material which is the external object of consumption,consumption provides the need,i.e.,the internal object,the purpose of production.There is no consumption without production,and no production without consumption.This proposition appears in various forms in political economy.

3.Production is not only simultaneously consumption,and consumption simultaneously production;nor is production only a means of consumption and consumption the purpose of production --i.e.,each provides the other with its object,production supplying the external object of consumption,and consumption the conceptual object of production-in other words,each of them is not only simultaneously the other,and not merely the cause of the other,but each of them by being carried through creates the other,it creates itself as the other.It is only consumption that consummates the process of production,since consumption completes the product as a product by destroying it,by consuming its independent concrete form.Moreover by its need for repetition consumption leads to the perfection of abilities evolved during the first process of production and converts them into skills.

Consumption is therefore the concluding act which turns not only the product into a product,but also the producer into a producer.Production,on the other hand,produces consumption by creating a definite mode of consumption,and by providing an incentive to consumption it thereby creates the capability to consume as a requirement.

The last kind of identity,which is defined in point 3,has been variously interpreted by economists when discussing the relation of demand and supply,of objects and needs,of needs created by society and natural needs.

After this,nothing is simpler for a Hegelian than to assume that production and consumption are identical.And this has been done not only by socialist belletrists but also by prosaic economists,such as Say,in declaring that if one considers a nation --or mankind in abstracto --then its production is its consumption.Storch has shown that this proposition of Say's is wrong,since a nation,for instance,does not consume its entire product,but must also provide means of production,fixed capital,etc.

同类推荐
  • 中俄伊犁交涉始末

    中俄伊犁交涉始末

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 净土警语

    净土警语

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 道德经注释

    道德经注释

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 佛说炽盛光大威德消灾吉祥陀罗尼经

    佛说炽盛光大威德消灾吉祥陀罗尼经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 钦录

    钦录

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 最强之龙的白银幻想

    最强之龙的白银幻想

    世界上存在许多种族,五大人类种,精灵、矮人、亚人、魔人和人类,另外还有海族、妖族、鬼族、妖精、傀儡族……可如果要评出一个最强的种族来的话,所有人都会异口同声的回答——龙族!但是这个世界的龙族已经没落,几万年间,世界上仅仅只存在两条龙,而现在更是只剩下了这最后一条远古龙!然而有一天,命运的齿轮悄然转动,它被卷入命运的风暴之中,本来无敌的它却突然认识到了自己的局限。为了自己心中的那一份慈爱,它义无反顾。当终焉的怒火掀起抗争的怒潮,一切将失去控制!
  • 瓜田李下女当家

    瓜田李下女当家

    【推荐新文《侍婢倾城:暴君不温柔》】什么?敢往她的南瓜里装石子?好吧,姐姐家粪池里的粪也还剩了不少。什么?敢借钱不还?好吧。不要怪我,姐姐我揭人瓦一揭一个准。什么?迂腐书呆不吃不喝?老姑娘没人要,没关系,女子当自强。
  • 云南机务抄黄

    云南机务抄黄

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 重生之大设计师

    重生之大设计师

    不是所有的重生都那么完美,不是每个重生的人都能记住那么多小说和歌曲。一个普普通通的室内设计师,回到十年前刚上大学的时候,挽回着不能挽回的遗憾,追求着以前不能追求的梦想!作者友情提示,书中案例,切勿模仿,如若模仿,死的很惨!!新书《设计鬼才》发布,喜欢设计类小说的同学可以来看看……
  • 六十种曲赠书记

    六十种曲赠书记

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 仙途缈缈之桃花缘

    仙途缈缈之桃花缘

    浮生若梦,清清浅浅。此生只愿活的潇潇洒洒,怎奈仙途缈缈,不就是炼丹、制符、炼器、阵法嘛,看本姑娘信手拈来,至于那些扑上来的美男,拒绝?怎么忍心,留下?本姑娘不养闲人。某女腹黑的想免费的不要白不要用来看家护院做个打手还是不错的,没事看着也养眼。桃花男、冰山男、腹黑男,暖男……接踵而来,看本姑娘如何玩转异世。请大家多多支持,多多打赏,谢谢!
  • 佛说申日经

    佛说申日经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 杂病治例

    杂病治例

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 超能狂战

    超能狂战

    五年前一场空前浩大的流星雨。五年后何啸魂穿到自己创作的漫画世界之后的三百年,后续的故事还没创作,已经不知道故事脉络的他竟然与自己所创作出的最妖孽最完美的战帝成为宿敌。这就作死了!之后何啸与之惊天一战同归于尽,然后……穿越回来了,更可怕的是宿敌也跟着穿越归来,一场惊世大战由漫画世界延续到现实世界。而且这现实世界也发生翻天覆地的变化,丧尸,进化兽,半兽人,机械改造人,地底生物,外星战舰等等接踵出现,新世纪大混乱时代开启。新书《超神扑克牌封印系统》已发,欢迎鉴赏收藏。
  • 我们生于70年代

    我们生于70年代

    本书主要内容为:70年代有自己的朋友,七十年代生人之生长简史,七十年代生人之42个生活烙印,关于70年代