It frightened me unpleasantly.I found something dead wrapped in a silk h'd'k'f so carefully.It must have been a body that had had vitality....
I did not like to venture to examine the body for I was confounded.
I lately saw a boy of five (who had been told the story of Hector and Achilles) teaching his younger brother, aged three, how to play Hector, while he himself should play Achilles, and chase him round the walls of Troy.Having smiled themselves, Achilles advanced, shouting "Where's my Patroklos? " Whereupon the would-be Hector piped up, quite distracted from his rôle , "Where's my Patroklos? I want a Patroklos! I want a Patroklos! " -- and broke up the game.Of what kind of a thing a Patroklos might be he had, of course, no notion -- enough that his brother had one, for him to claim one too In 'The Nation' for September 3, 1886, President G.S.Hall has given some account of a statistical research on Boston school-boys, by Miss Wiltse, from which it appears that only nineteen out of two hundred and twenty-nine had made no collections.
Quoted in Lindsay, 'Mind in Lower animals,'
vol.ii.p.151
,Cf.Flint, Mind, vol.I.pp.330-333; Sully, ibid.p.567.Most people probably have the impulse to keep bits of useless finery, old tools, pieces of once useful apparatus, etc.; but it is normally either inhibited at the outset by reflection, or, if yielded to, the objects soon grow displeasing and are thrown away.
Der Menschliche Wille, p.205.
Professor Lazarus (Die Reize des Spieles.
Berlin, 1883, p.44) denies that we have an instinct to play, and says the root of the matter is the aversion to remain unoccupied , which substitutes a sham occupation when no real one is ready.No doubt this is true; but why the particular forms of sham occupation? The elements of all bodily games and of ceremonial games are given by direct excite-motor stimulations -- just as when puppies chase one another and swallows have a parliament.
Inquiries into Human Faculty, p.72.
Expression of the Emotions (New York, 1873), p.330.
"The certainty that we are well dressed,"
a charming woman has said, "gives us a peace of heart compared to which that yielded by the consolations of religion is as nothing."
Thackeray, in his exquisite Roundabout Paper, 'On a Chalk-Mark On the Door,' says: "You get truth habitually from equals only; so, my good Mr.Holyshade, don't talk to me about the habitual candor of the young Etonian of high birth, or I have my own opinion of your candor or discernment when you do.No.Tom Bowling is the soul of honor, and has been true to Black-eyed Syousan since the last time they parted at Wapping Old Stairs; but do you suppose Tom is perfectly frank, familiar, and above-board in his conversation with Admiral Nelson, K.C.B.? There are secrets, prevarications, fibs.if you will, between Tom and the admiral-between your crew (of servants) and their captain.I know I hire a worthy, clean, agreeable, and conscientious male or female hypocrite at so many guineas a year to do so and so for me.Were he other than hypocrite, I would send him about his business."
"The insane symptom called "mysophobia," or dread of foulness, which leads a patient to wash his hands perhaps a hundred times a day, hardly seems explicable without supposing a primitive impulse to clean one's self of which it is, as it were, the convulsive exaggeration.
"We often find modesty coming in only in the presence of foreigners, especially of clothed Europeans.Only before these do the Indian women in Brazil cover themselves with their girdle, only before these do the women on Timor conceal their bosom.In Australia we find the same thing happening." (Th.Waltz, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, vol.I.p.358.) The author gives bibliographical references, which I omit.
To most of us it is even unpleasant to sit down in a chair still warm from occupancy by another person's body.To many, hand-shaking is disagreeable Some will, of course, find the list too large, others too small.With the boundaries of instinct finding into reflex action below, and into acquired habit or suggested activity above, it is likely that there will always be controversy about just what to include under the class-name.Shall we add the propensity to walk along a curbstone, or any other narrow path.to the list of instincts? Shall we subtract secretiveness, as due to shyness or to fear? Who knows? Meanwhile our physiological method has this inestimable advantage, that such questions of limit have neither theoretical nor practical importance.The facts once noted.it matters little how they are named.Most authors give a shorter list than that in the text.The phrenologists add adhesiveness, inhabitiveness, love of approbation, etc., etc., to their list of 'sentiments' which in the main agree with our list of instincts.Fortlage, in his System der Psychologie, classes among the Triebe all the vegetative physiological functions.Bantlus (Zur Psychologie der Menschlichen Triebe, Leipsic, 1864) says there are at bottom but three instincts, that of 'Being, that of 'Function,' and that of 'Life.' The 'Instinct of Being' he subdivides into animal , embracing tile activities of all the senses; and psychical , embracing the acts of the intellect and of the 'transempiric consciousness.' The 'Instinct of Function' he divides into sexual inclinational (friendship, attachment, honor);
and moral (religion, philanthropy, faith, truth, moral freedom, etc.).The 'Instinct of Life' embraces conservation (nutrition, motion); sociability (imitation, juridical and ethical arrangements);
and personal interest (love of independence and freedom, acquisitiveness, self-defence).Such a muddled list as this shows how great are the advantages of the physiological analysis we have used.
